प्रारंभिक बाल्यावस्था देखभाल और शिक्षा के उद्देश्य (The objectives of early childhood care and education)

Abstract

The care and education of early childhood is a very important area of ​​study for human development. Little children begin learning from a very young age. Along with learning new things about the world around them, children start to develop attachments, especially with members of their family, such as their parents, and if there are siblings, with them too. A small child also begins to recognize other members of the family and those whom they regularly meet. The child also learns to differentiate between those they recognize and those they don't. The ability to recognize someone in a child's behavior is expressed when, during the age of approximately 8-12 months, the child starts crying out of fear upon seeing an unfamiliar person. The child feels the most attachment to their mother because she is the one who mostly takes care of them, and when she goes out of the room, the child often starts crying. A child up to one year old mostly sticks to their mother or the caregiver more than any other person and follows them everywhere. Gradually, even in the absence of the primary caregiver, the child develops a sense of security. Due to physical development, the child grows rapidly, which enables them to learn to walk slowly, grasp objects properly, and maintain balance in various positions. After some time, the child becomes capable of controlling their bowel and bladder discharge. In the absence of the mother or parents, taking care of the child's basic needs is termed "alternative care." Alternative care for the child can be provided at home (by siblings or relatives) or at daycare or day-care centers outside the home. Informal family care arrangements can also be made, where a woman in the family operates a child center (creche) as a business from her own home, or it could be an institutional center where fees are charged for childcare.