Integral Research (ISSN:3048-5991) (CODEN:IRABCA) serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse disciplines to come together and explore the intersections between their respective fields. From the natural sciences to the social sciences, from humanities to technology, we aim to foster dialogue and exchange of ideas that transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries. Our journal encompasses a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: Sustainability and environmental studies Health and well-being Socio-economic development Cultural studies and diversity Technology and innovation Education and pedagogy Philosophy and ethics Arts and literature Integral Research seeks to publish high-quality original research, reviews, and theoretical perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex issues facing our world today. By bringing together insights from multiple disciplines, we strive to provide innovative approaches and novel solutions to the pressing challenges of our time. We invite researchers and scholars from all backgrounds to join us on this intellectual journey of exploration and discovery. Together, let us embark on a quest to integrate knowledge, transcend disciplinary boundaries, and advance the frontiers of human understanding. Journal indexing in some prominent directories and databases. GEORGIAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EuroPub Directory of Academic And Scientific Journals SJIF SPI-Hub IPIndexing KindCongress Cosmos ResearchBib RJIF ROOTINDEXING Crossref
(SAFE), Society For Academic Facilitation and Extension (Regd.) Address: 53, Karamchari Nagar, Bareilly 243112 (UP) India Email: safeindiaweb@gmail.com Website:https://safeindia.org.in/index.php/integral-research/
Impact of Shifting Habitats on Migratory Bird Populations: An Evaluation
World migration is a normal activity in the world of birds. Generally, Birds migrate in a year sometimes they migrate twice a year. Birds migrate to one area to another area. They migrate one area to other area for breeding and climate purpose and many more regions. Normally the time of migrations seems to be controlled by chance and day length. A lot of migrate birds using Sun and Stars for their navigating. Iin those days the pattern of migrating birds is changing because they are facing several problems just like pollutions, weather change, climate change etc. Mostly the shifting of habitat is causes of climate change. Due to date the migrate species are facing too much risk.
Navigate, migrate climate change, weather change, shifting of habitat, migrate species, Fragmentation, breeding area, wintering sites, wetlands, Risks of Collision, loss connectivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Suitable Conditions for Freshwater Fish in India and Their Evaluation
The significant food component of Indian is fish and fish related aquaculture. In our country India a fish and aquaculture production is in good condition face is a major food part of Indian people. This area has in current times approximately 2 million people involved and thus it is quite a prominent and important area of Indian food. India has near out 7% of fish production of whole world and contributes 1.2% in GDP of India. During these times this industry is experiencing numerous issues because of over pollution and over production. Here a wide analysis for these problems.
Fish disease, opportunistic pathogens, aquaculture production, elaborated, stocking density.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Climatic Changes on Aquatic Fauna of District Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
District Shahjahanpur, situated in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, is drained by the Garha, Khannaut, Deoha, Kali Nadi, and Kathna rivers, along with numerous seasonal streams, oxbow lakes, and ponds. These aquatic ecosystems harbour rich freshwater biodiversity including ichthyofauna, amphibians, molluscs, and crustaceans. The present study (2020–2024) investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the aquatic fauna of the district through field surveys, water quality monitoring, hydrological records, and socio-ecological interviews. Results indicate a mean annual temperature rise of 1.4°C over two decades, a 27% reduction in mean annual river discharge of the Garha River, a threefold increase in dry-bed days per year, and dissolved oxygen decline of 25% during the pre-monsoon period. These changes correlate with significant population declines (38–62%) in ecologically sensitive species including Tor tor (mahseer), Mystus seenghala, and Bagarius bagarius. Breeding phenology shifts, thermal kill events, and habitat fragmentation are documented as key mechanisms of impact. Conservation recommendations are provided including minimum environmental flow mandates, riparian buffer restoration, seasonal fishing bans, and wetland protection under the Wetlands Rules, 2017.
Climate change, Aquatic fauna, Shahjahanpur, Ichthyofauna, Rohilkhand, Freshwater biodiversity
*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:ad55db2b-313e-434e-8dc2-0452bae4b33d-10" data-testid="conversation-turn-18" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> The two poems reflect themes of love, strength, and the deeper meaning of success in life. “My Sweet Mom” is a heartfelt tribute to a mother’s unconditional love, portraying her as a source of strength, guidance, and protection. The poet expresses admiration for her ability to solve problems, provide support, and stand as a constant pillar in every situation, highlighting the emotional bond and respect shared between child and mother. “True Victory” shifts to a philosophical tone, redefining victory beyond material success, power, or conquest. It emphasizes that true victory lies in survival, empathy, and inner peace rather than domination or conflict. Through reflective repetition, the poem suggests that genuine triumph is achieved through humanity, compassion, and moral strength. Together, both poems celebrate emotional resilience, love, and the importance of values over superficial achievements.
This poem presents a deeply emotional portrayal of a woman’s inner world, her sacrifices, struggles, and strength. The poet depicts a woman as someone who hides pain and turmoil within, yet carries a smile on her lips. She gives life, love, and light to others while silently enduring suffering herself. She is hardworking, devoted, and resilient, dedicating herself to the happiness of her family and society. Despite often facing neglect and humiliation, she continues to fulfill her responsibilities without complaint. She possesses immense inner strength and the potential to reach great heights, yet she sacrifices her own dreams for the sake of others. Ultimately, the poem celebrates a woman as the foundation of all relationships and a symbol of selfless sacrifice. It expresses deep respect and reverence for her enduring spirit and invaluable contributions.
Tharu Tribe of India: Tracing Contours of Livelihood, Employment and Financial Inclusion
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Tribes, due to their geographical distribution in inhospitable terrains such as forest and mountains, have historically led a life away from the mainstream where the modern development has taken place and have subsequently remained largely restricted to their primitive modes of production and sustenance. While their lives are in better consonance with Nature and have contributed to preservation of natural ecosystem, it has also restricted their access to health, education and employment facilities, as a result of which their voices have lingered on the periphery and it has manifested in the lack of adequate representation at the political level, policy making and decision power. While the modern state, and even before that, the colonial administration has claimed ownership on their natural habitat to extract resources, they have not been benefited proportionately, rather they have been displaced and disinherited in some instances, further pushing them into poverty and backwardness. This paper deals with the traditional livelihoods methods of Tharu Tribe of India, the changes thereto due to the interaction with and interference of the modern state and policies, various government efforts for their economic empowerment and financial inclusion, their impact, emerging scenarios, existing structural barriers, the tribe’s aspirations and the way forward. The paper adopts descriptive, and analytical approach and relies upon the government data, limited participant observation and interaction, books, research papers, and newspaper reports etc.
Tharu, Tribe, Financial Inclusion, Marginalization, Livelihood.
Beyond the Golden Threshold: Reimagining Sita’s Inner World in Kumudini’s Letters from the Palace
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">In the contemporary transnational impulse, Ramayana has taken a new relevance all over the world. Embellished with the core issues of culture and tradition, it has been set as an example of morality amidst the society since ages. Contemporary socio-cultural issues like loyalty, family roles, feminine sensibility, environmental concern and the dilemma of choices and power-centres are well depicted in the form of mythical lore through this ancient epic. In Search of Sita: Revisiting Mythology (2009), an anthology edited by Malashri Lal and Namita Gokhale comprises of essays, commentaries, interviews and creative writings by eminent writers, presenting various crisscross dimensions of Sita, the leading female protagonist of Ramayana. The general perception about Sita’s character is her submissiveness, devoted conjugal sincerity, sacrificing ability and her unquestioning loyalty which present her as an archetypal figure in Indian society. Present paper intends to focus on the feminine sensibility of this ancient mythological figure, depicted by Kumudini in her short essay “Letters from the Palace” very effectively and artistically. The eminent Tamil author Kumudini has humanized the Sita myth by writing about Sita’s imagined letters to her mother equipped with true feelings, emotions, longings and the psychology of a newly-wedded woman.
Feminine Sensibility, mythology, culture, tradition, Letters.
Islam as Terrorists: Analysis of Kenyan Newspaper Stereotypes and the Driving Factors
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">In the 2025 Global Terrorism Index Report, the number of countries experiencing terrorist incidents increased from 58 to 66, with an evident upsurge in attacks. Kenya was ranked among the top 20 worst-hit countries in the world. Another report released by the Kenyan government in 2024 found that more than 500 lives had been lost to terrorism between 1998 and 2023. In these attacks, the media have linked terrorism to Islam, labeling Muslims as ‘terrorists’; associating them with broader violent networks, and reinforcing stereotypes that fuel radicalisation, targeting over 2 billion Muslims worldwide. These biased narratives have fostered mistrust and discrimination, affecting law enforcement and policymakers from building trust and promoting peace; thereby hindering counter-extremism strategies. Even though studies have been conducted in this area, the incessant worsening situation calls for more in-depth research to understand this phenomenon better and to provide resolutions. This study, therefore, developed two objectives to unravel the research problem. It examined how the print media reinforced stereotypes about Islam in the context of terrorist attacks, and also identified and analysed the factors that influenced print media framing of stereotypical stories about Islam in the context terrorism attacks in Kenya. Guided by framing and gatekeeping theories, the study adopted a descriptive survey research design and used a mixed-methods approach for data collection. In the mixed methods, the study utilised qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative, content analysis was conducted on 676 copies of Standard and Nation newspapers, complemented by interviews with 24 key informants drawn from journalists, religious leaders, media scholars, and counter-terrorism/security experts. For the quantitative data, the study used quantitative content analysis, which measured the frequency of words, themes, and phrases linking Islam to terrorism. Findings have indicated that media reporting often departed from formal guidelines, systematically reinforcing stereotypes that have represented Islam as terrorism sympathiser and perpetrator. This hegemonic bias has undermined counter-extremism strategies in Kenya by fueling mistrust and radicalisation. The study has therefore recommended incorporating religion-sensitive and terrorism-sensitive reporting into journalism training, strengthening media policies and guidelines, and delicensing journalists who report in a way that advances tension, terrorism, and radicalisation, among others.
Radicalisation, Terrorism, Print Media, Islam, Muslims, counter-extremism
Oil Economy and the Niger Delta Quest for Liberation in Ben Binebai’s Drums of The Delta
Oil and gas flow ceaselessly in Nigeria's Niger Delta, sustaining the country’s economy. Despite the wealth these resources provide, the region has contended with marginalisation, environmental degradation, social injustice, and extreme poverty. These conditions of oppression propel and plunge the youths into a repeated cycle of revolution. Ben Binebai’s Drums of the Delta documents the oil politics in Nigeria and the Niger Delta revolutionary quest for liberation. However, because it is still assumed that facts and records about the Niger Delta sociopolitical and economic struggles are exclusive to fields other than drama, scholarly studies on Drums of the Delta are scarce regarding the politics surrounding the oil economy and the essence of the ageless Niger Delta struggle for freedom. Consequently, the play's significance as a veritable source for sustaining the existential struggles and educating audiences and readers about them is undermined. Therefore, this study interrogates oil politics in Nigeria and the Niger Delta's quest for liberation, as thematically portrayed in Drums of the Delta, using Karl Marx’s conflict theory as a theoretical anchor and drawing on literary and sociological approaches. The study finds that interest in oil wealth is the driving force behind politics in Nigeria and that the ultimate aim of the Niger Delta's struggle for liberation is to occupy a dominant position in the petro-economy. In conclusion, the play demonstrates the efficacy of drama in understanding the intrigues and dynamics of the politics and struggles characterising the Niger Delta region. The study recommends adopting docudrama, such as Drums of the Delta, to preserve history, educate readers/audiences, inspire action and solidarity, and provide a platform for the Niger Delta voice to be heard.
oil economy, Niger Delta, liberation struggle, conflict theory, drama.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fred Emi Brisibe, Augustina Ashionye-Obah Obamwonyi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ragnarök: Identity crisis and gender discourses through Norse mythology in modern society
Ragnarök, a show on Netflix, is a representation of "a predetermined state or end." Everyone is trying to seek out who they are, yet nobody really knows. Due to problems with identity, perhaps all of the events of the Ragnarök will occur in this new, modern era. For this paper, we have selected Laurits and Isolde from this series. Their identity issues and conforming upbringing make them a unique character. My paper’s aim is to explore how Norse mythology can interpret LGBTQ people in modern society; it is embroiling traditional histories and culminating in components that resonate with LGBTQ identities and experiences. Furthermore, this paper is exerting Norse mythology by Neil Gaiman, The Gospel of Loki by Joanne Harris, Vouspos, Thrym by poetic Edda and Extraordinary Bodies by Rosemarie Garland Thomson books as secondary books. The paper employs Norse mythology, gender discourses, comparative literature, queer theory, and interdisciplinary approaches. This paper focuses on the sub-heroes Isolde and Laurits Seier and their connection with Norwegian modern society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arpita Roy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Role of women in home Poultry farming at Athani Taluk
The study examines the role of women in home poultry farming in Athani Taluk of Belagavi district, Karnataka. A sample of 150 women poultry rearers was selected, and data were analysed using the average percentage method. The findings indicate that women are the primary caretakers of poultry, mainly rearing indigenous jawari (desi) hens under traditional management practices. Despite limited resources and lack of government support, home poultry farming provides supplementary income and improves the economic status of rural women. The study highlights home poultry farming as an important livelihood and empowerment activity for women in rural areas.
Key words: Women, home Poultry, Athani, Gender, Economic Status.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anupama Ramchandran (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Critical Reading of Narayan Sanyal’s Bakultala P L Camp
While there has been substantial deliberations on borders and refugees and associated trauma upholding a connection between new frontiers and its outcome in the form of refugees and the never-ending humanitarian crisis. But what remains unnoticed is the settlement of the refugee population through the establishment of makeshift camps or colonies slowly turning into a permanent one literally, figuratively and psychologically. The camp becomes a nation of individuals whose identity is fractured and the walls of the camp change for them into a border creating a border within a border. Narayan Sanyal, an acclaimed writer from West Bengal who served the Government of West Bengal as a settlement officer at various such camps set up for them discussed this issue immediately after the brutal bifurcation of the erstwhile British India’s Bengal province in 1947 through his novel like Bakultala P.L. Camp. Through this work, Sanyal presented his investigation of the victims of forced migration showcasing in detail the poor living conditions existing in those refugee camps lacking basic amenities, economic exploitation of the male refugees and sexploitation of their female counterparts. The methodology employed for documenting the observations for this research will be transdisciplinary and multi-layered including textual analysis, then historical contextualisation and lastly will be founded upon the Freudian-Caruthian model of Trauma theory. A critical reading of this novel churns out the fact that how the victims themselves are reframing their own identity with respect to borders of new India in general and the specific camps in particular.
Narayan Sanyal, Bakultala P L Camp, Partition, Trauma
Copyright (c) 2026 Prasid Chowdhury (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Pedagogical Exploration of Familial Value System Versus Aura of Capitalistic World In The Novel Dollar Bahu by Sudha Murthy: A Study of Identity Crisis
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">The paper explores the novel Dollar Bahu written by Sudha Murthy by applying various literary and psychological theories, such as psychoanalytic theory, hierarchy of needs developed by Maslow, and Marxist criticism. The paper will examine how the story challenges the clash of the conservative values of Indian society with the enticing nature of capitalistic materialism represented by the symbolic image of the American dollar. By examining the main characters and characters in detail, especially the main characters, Gouramma, Vinuta, and Shamanna, this paper will propose that Murthy creates a moral system where genuine human interrelation and cultural groundedness have the final victory over the materialistic accretion. This ambiguity in the novel implies that it is the upholding of fundamental ethical principles ingrained in the Indian tradition that results in self-realisation and reconciliation to the family.
Dollar Bahu, Sudha Murthy, Indian values, materialism, psychoanalytic criticism, Maslow's hierarchy, brain drain, familial ethics
Copyright (c) 2026 Priyanka Loni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Poetry of Regeneration: Reflections on the Waning Morality, Corrupt Education, Fading Love and Human Hypocrisy
The four poems collectively critique the moral and social decay of contemporary society. In “A Hypocritical Faith,” the poet exposes the contradiction between religious devotion and immoral behavior, highlighting how faith across religions has become superficial and hypocritical. “When Love Waning” portrays the erosion of genuine love, replaced by materialism, greed, and transactional relationships, leading to broken families and social instability. “Educate and Transform” emphasizes the decline of cultural values, traditions, and ethical education, arguing that modernity and misguided globalization have weakened moral foundations and identity. Finally, “Kick, the Deadly Philter” condemns the destructive impact of alcoholism, depicting how addiction devastates individuals, families, and entire communities. Together, the poems call for a return to sincerity in faith, restoration of love and compassion, revival of cultural values, and rejection of destructive habits to rebuild a humane and ethical society.
love, education, hate, hypocrisy, immorality, religious faith, Kick, evil drink
Copyright (c) 2026 Leon Bashirahishize (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Chemical Analysis & Workers Health in Glass Industry of Firozabad
In present era, the use of glass has become positively in the modern era, and its application continues to expand day by day. Due to that, the glass industry capture a position of large & boundless significance in its own right; however, it poses equally substantial risks to humanity. We know that heavy chemical uses in glass industry due to date risk of labour and human kind in glass industry is to high and those days it is very dangerous with environment pollution and other pollution in the other hand we have behave Limited employment option and economical concern is also present there so. First be know that glass Industries have a heavy requirement of human labour and the various chemical employed or expert in this field such as oxide bromine and various colouring agent these are the main chemical which used in glass industries. Beyond the heavy Risk to labour the glass industry also inflict damage upon our environment the glass industry is contribute to increase of greenhouse gases in our environment due to high energy composition the industries generate more accessible pollution or emission like CO2 SO2 and NoX dear bye gravity global warming on the other hand the sustainable energy composition involved poses risk to the labour engaged in this glass industry. Silica various stabilizers, Special Additives as Borosilicate, Boric Acid, Borax, and many more refining agents also harmful for labour in glass industries. Glass industry have also very heavy risk of physical injury to do those handling their job. So physical hazardous, chemical hazards and economic and noise hazard are main harmful problem of Glass industry in present time. We have to solve these problem for better and safe future of their workers and also enhancement of glass industry.
Silica gel, boundless, local workforce, enamel-painted glass-based products, bangles, Provide stability, Glassmaking Industry.
Industrial Use of Ethyl alcohol as a New Revolution
In our present world the ethyl alcohol is the most important element for our progress. The most famous name of Airtel alcohol is ethanol is a volatile flammable colourless liquid with a 78.37 degree Celsius. Generally ethyl alcohol use and major industries of solvent and antiseptic and hand sanitizer also it use for fuel additive by a fuel and alcoholic beverage. The industrial use of ethyl alcohol is it going high to high. It has a more significant for transformation evolving from a traditional solvent and beverage component into a basic or foundation element of the our earth for the green industrial revolution, which is very eminent for our Earth it is need of today it driven by the need for sensible development of earth energy security of our earth and human kind and the transaction away from the petrochemical elements ethanol is the now being you can like AJ renewal resources in our energy element manufacturing and chemical production no doubt energy is the component of our future. In present the Renewable Energy & Fuel Blending, Green Chemical Feedstock, Industrial Solvent & Manufacturing & the Pharmaceutical & Healthcare Applications are most important area of ethyl alcohol.
[Ethyl alcohol, Green Chemical Feedstock Fuel Blending, petrochemical elements, Technological Advancement, gasoline, Biofuel mandate, greenhouse gases, fossil fuel, Fuel Blending]
Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth: A Study in the Morality of New York
The present study seeks to expose the hollowness of the American dream that ruins the life of Lily Bart and so many other men and women who chased it at the turn of the century. It aims to highlight the moral bankruptcy of New York where, at the time, people compromised with their morality and ethical values and allowed themselves to be trapped in the glare of fashionable society. The paper also discusses how shrewdness devours naivety and hypocrisy strangles innocence. In the study, we also notice that for every success, women (and men as well) have to, or rather made to, stoop to meanness. It underscores that marriage and true love exist beyond the pale of the shams of the upper reaches of the society. In New York and other such cities, 'reputation' matters more than morality if one has to secure a decent job. It is a world where 'beauty is only skin deep' and nobody seeks spiritual beauty. The study concludes with the fact that true happiness lies in burying the unpleasant past and moving ahead in life with the lessons learnt from the mistakes of the past. It points out that human beings need emotional fulfilment more than success and wealth and for this mutual bond between two true people is all that is required. This realisation comes too late in life to Lily Bart and this is the tragedy of her life and the tragedy of Lily Bart is representative of the tragedy of New York as well.
American dream, Lily Bart, morality, naivety, hypocrisy.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ecological Distribution and Vector Potential of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Faridpur Tehsil of Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Malaria still hits hard in many tropical and subtropical areas, and parts of India aren’t spared. The disease spreads when a female Anopheles mosquito, carrying the parasite, bites someone. So, if we want to control malaria, we need to know which mosquito species are around and how good they are at spreading the parasite. In this study, I looked at the diversity and possible vector status of Anopheles mosquitoes in Faridpur Tehsil, Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh. I collected mosquitoes all year from different spots—inside homes, cattle sheds, mixed shelters, and outdoor resting places. After catching them, I used standard morphological keys to figure out which species I had. Then I dissected the females to check their midguts and salivary glands for malaria parasites. I found ten different Anopheles species in the area. The most common were Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles annularis, and Anopheles maculatus. When I looked closer, I found malaria parasites in Anopheles fluviatilis, which points to its role as a malaria vector here. Even though the infection rate was low, this species matters in the local transmission of the disease. These results make one thing clear: we can’t let up on mosquito surveillance and integrated vector control if we want to cut down malaria risk in the rural parts of Bareilly district..
Malaria transmission, Anopheles mosquitoes, vector incrimination, Faridpur Tehsil, Bareilly district
Slanged Communication: Navigating the Gender-Power Discourse in Culture
The use of slangs has been a quite ventilation that we use to generate our action of ‘frustration release’ without even understanding how this operating word plays a powerful venture from the subject position of the voice to the object created or addressed to. Language when we consider a culture is phallogocentric, to which there is no doubt, for it allows the power flow to peripherize any marginal identity. Regional slang often originates from a combination of historical, cultural, and geographical factors unique to a particular area. Regions with diverse populations often have a rich variety of slang that reflects the languages and cultures of different ethnic groups. They serve as linguistic markers of identity and inclusion, with mastery of local slang often signifying affiliation and acceptance within a community or region. This short research article aims to decode the gender discourse in regional slangs to focus on how linguistic channels are and can be used to as weapons to play the power game of societal control.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suparna Roy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) Exposure on Glucose Levels in Various Tissues of Heteropneustes fossilis
The present study examines the implications of acute and sub-acute exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on tissue specific glucose metabolism in muscle, gill, liver, heart, and kidney, after 30 and 60 days. Data represent significant increase in tissue glucose levels, corresponding to the metabolic response caused by cadmium-induced stress. We found out the glucose level after that 24 hour in the liver where the liver had the highest glucose levels, that the liver was going through its detox phase. Our results support a model in which there are systemic metabolic adaptations to cadmium toxicity having broader implications for how the metabolic response to exposure of an environmental toxicant is seen.
Cadmium Chloride, Various Tissues, Glucose, Heteropneustes fossili
Unmasking The Masks: A Close Reading of Namita Gokhale’s A Himalayan Love Story
Namita Gokhale’s novel A Himalayan Love Story is essentially a poignant tale of the love of Parvati and Mukul which remains unconsummated due Hiranand Joshi’s belief in the concept of miscegenation. It is a reiteration of the fact that true lovers are fated to be pulled apart. The novel aims to distinguish between love and lust. Though Parvati sleeps with Salman and Raju, she never experiences emotional fulfilment. Similarly, Mukul’s physical relationship with his wife Adeleine and Pasang Rampa does not give him any joy. However, their longing for each-other wanes with the passage of time. The present study is an essay to navigate how the real faces of characters are unmasked in the novel. At first, it is Parvati who unmasks the real character of her mother which distances her from her. Then, to her is unmasked the homosexual nature of her husband, Lalit. Next, Hiranand’s real nature is revealed to us and we are shocked to know that his preachings and practices are widely different. To us is also revealed the true nature of Parvati and Mukul who yield to the physical temptations. The paper also discusses the problems of widowhood, girls’ education and complications of human relations as the novel is chiefly woven around them.
Himalayan, Love, Lust, Miscegenation, Unmasking, Widowhood
Inflation Dynamics in Developing Economies: Empirical Evidence from India
In view of the structural problems, supply-side shocks, and external sector vulnerabilities, the macroeconomic issue of inflation is an endemic one in all developing economies. The present research aimed to use the empirical data provided by Bharat to research the macroeconomic issues of inflation in the context of developing economies. The main research aims are to find the main cause of inflation and to understand the volatility and persistence of the macroeconomic issues of inflation. By using the secondary data provided by the macroeconomic variables like food and fuel prices, exchange rates and the fiscal deficits of the economy. The research aims to use the quantitative methodology for the time ranging from 2000 to 2024. The relative contribution of the macroeconomic variables is analyzed by performing multiple regression analysis in order to understand that macroeconomic issue of inflation according to the research aims the main causes of inflation are supply side shocks and the depreciation of the exchange rates, While the impact of Fiscal deficit is quite low. For Inflation management, the research interpreted the remedies we have suggested in Forward Strategies.
Inflation, Macroeconomic Challenges, shocks, determinants, dominant role, persistent role, policy stability, reforms, exchange rate strategies
Impact of Medieval Muslim Culture on Contemporary Hindu Culture and Its Evaluation
The interaction between medieval Muslim culture and contemporary Hindu society produced profound transformations in India’s social, linguistic, literary, and cultural spheres. With the establishment of Muslim rule between the twelfth and eighteenth centuries, Persian and Arabic languages gained prominence, significantly influencing Hindi and other regional languages. This contact contributed to the evolution of Urdu and introduced new literary forms such as the ghazal and masnavi. Simultaneously, the Bhakti movement flourished through the use of regional vernaculars by saints such as Kabir, Tulsidas, and Surdas, who promoted social reform, religious devotion, and communal harmony. Their emphasis on accessible language helped bridge social divisions and strengthened cultural integration. In the social domain, the period witnessed both synthesis and tension. Administrative reforms, revenue organization, and cultural patronage under rulers such as Akbar fostered structured governance and composite traditions often described as Indo-Islamic or Ganga-Jamuni culture. Developments in architecture, music, and trade further enriched Indian society. However, social rigidities, economic pressures on peasants, and instances of religious intolerance also marked the era. Thus, medieval Muslim rule in India had a complex and mixed impact, contributing to cultural synthesis and literary growth while also intensifying certain social and economic challenges.
Medieval India, Indo-Islamic Culture, Bhakti Movement, Linguistic Development, Social Change
Mughal-Era Social Conditions in India and Their Evaluation
The social, economic, and literary landscape of Mughal India was multidimensional and dynamic. With the establishment of Muslim rule, a new process of cultural interaction and synthesis began within Indian society. As a result, society appeared to be broadly divided into three main classes: upper, middle, and lower. The upper class included nobles, feudal lords, and high-ranking officials, who led lives of considerable luxury. The middle class consisted of merchants, state employees, and skilled artists. The lower class comprised peasants, laborers, and artisans, whose conditions were generally difficult and economically constrained. The status of women varied according to class, religion, and prevailing social customs. Practices such as purdah, child marriage, sati, and dowry were prevalent in many sections of society. At the same time, some upper-class women actively participated in education and literary pursuits. Economically, the Mughal system was primarily agrarian; however, industry, crafts, and both internal and overseas trade were highly developed. The textile industry in particular flourished, and major Indian ports facilitated extensive maritime commerce. Significant progress was also achieved in literature and the arts during this period. From Babur to Shah Jahan, most Mughal rulers extended patronage to scholars and writers in various languages, especially Persian and Hindi. The composition of historical chronicles, translation projects, and the growth of Bhakti literature enriched the cultural fabric of the age. Thus, the Mughal period stands out as an important phase in Indian history, marked by an integrated pattern of social structure, economic development, and literary advancement.
Mughal Period, Social Structure, Economic System, Literary Advancement, Bhakti Movement
The Poetry of Robert Frost: A Treasure of Thoughts
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The poetry of Robert Frost is a golden treasury of thoughts and morals of common day to day life. The thoughts expressed in the poetry are not direct and straight-forward, rather a combination of beautiful images and symbols, technique and style. Each poem of Robert Frost contains some universal idea or message which is the demand of the day. The beauty of his poetry lies in his deep and profound exploration of some events specially in and around nature and rural surroundings. We all human being are often interacted with various activities of Nature, but the credit goes to Robert Frost who observes the things very minutely and dives deep into the natural objects or events and churns out the truth. As a matter of fact, every object of Nature has something to say, but it all depends upon our observation. As the milk contains the oil or ghee, but we don’t see it. But when it is churned by a milkman, both milk and ghee are separated. In the same way, Robert Frost, like a milkman churns the poems and takes out its essence in the form of ideas and messages which are very relevant today. This research paper is devoted to a critical study of some well-known poems of Robert Frost and examines and elucidates the various thought and ideas hidden in the poetry.
Robert Frost, Nature, Rural Life, Philosophy of Life, Observation of Nature, Human experience.
The Role of Media in Northeast India: Challenges and Opportunities
India’s Northeast region, popularly known as the “Seven Sisters and One Brother,” is an important part of the country due to its rich cultural diversity, geographical significance, and strategic location. The states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, and Sikkim share international borders, and therefore face challenges related to security and national integration. Media can serve as a powerful medium to connect this region with the national mainstream.
Northeast India; Social Structure; Print Media; Electronic Media; Terrorism
Narratives of Survival and Retribution: The Mahua Dabar Massacre of 1857
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The current research casts a questioning eye over the 1857 massacre of British officers which immediately followed the village of Mahua Dabar and the consequent complete destruction of that township by British colonialists. Based on the primary source documents of the time, i.e., the traumatic narration of the sergeant Busher, the official papers of the Commissioner William Wynyard, and the military diaries of William Peppé, this work examines the fusion of colonial trauma and the state-sponsored revenge. The exploration of the events that followed the Faizabad mutiny is also narrated with a special focus on how the British government changed its attitude of defensive helplessness into an offensive operation of aggressive cleansing of the surrounding rural setting. This thesis argues that the destruction of Mahua Dabar did not just serve as a case of military necessity but was in fact a symbolic performance of power of the colonizers meant to reestablish Iqbal-i.e. prestige- through the physical eradication of a supposedly rebellious district. Moreover, the ambiguity of the local loyalties is interrogated in furtherance of the future of the agency of the Indian intermediaries who ambivalently participated in the insurgency either by aiding the fugitives or by joining the insurgency. Contrasting between the information power, represented in the British documentary evidence, and the corporeal silence of the destroyed village, the paper provides subtle understanding of counter-insurgency tactics, as well as the politics of shared memory in the Great Uprising in the Basti district.
Survival and Retribution, Mahua Dabar Massacre, British government, William Wynyard, Basti.
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The paper tried to explain the theoretical views of the nexus between inequality and religion where income inequality is considered as the difference between the income shares of top 10% and bottom 50%. How income share of top 10% influenced the religious impact on inequality as well as its causal effects. On the other hand, how the income share of bottom 50% reacted with the religious activities in the society is explained in this paper. Some important research contents were also discussed in which religion endogenously or exogenously influences the income inequality. Religion is to be considered as a factor of inclusive growth process in India.
Religiosity, inequality, poverty, religious institutions.
Reflection of Diasporic Consciousness in the Select Works of Malaysian Literature: A Study of Innate Crisis in Indian Immigrants
Personal thoughts or ideas of real-world life sometimes do not look in nuanced manner to the readers by directly expressing it in biographical or autobiographical form, as the society is governed by existing rules. The norms of the society are governed by the class or the status of the person. Importance of being cognitive in class consciousness, matters most in this materialistic world. The selected works envision the readers about understanding the diasporic consciousness in the substantial form, as it deals with the problems of immigrants in settled land, the selected works forethought authors shrewd beauty and eye-catching gesture for the readers. Every author explains the diasporic consciousness in their own form. This paper mainly deals with war-crimes, racial discrimination, atrocities, sadomasochism, feministic perspective, vengeance, oppression, inflation, unemployment, colonialism, postcolonialism, existentialism, hybridity, cognitive behaviour, class consciousness, hegemony, commonwealth nation, socio-political conflicts, bildungsroman, dual colonist interventions(British, Japanese) and psychological disturbances. Structure of select works are linear and nonlinear in nature. The dystopian vision of the migrant land turns like a mirage after assimilating to the host land is nicely reflected in the selected works. For readers, there is no spoiler in between works, spilled beans and spine-chilling revelation occurs in the works. Overall, the study provides insights into the diasporic consciousness and its certain limitations and emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of the Indian immigrants experiences in Malaysia.
Diasporic-consciousness, Indian-immigrants, bildungsroman, war-crimes and hegemony.
Reframing Globalization Through Disability and Education: Rights, Inclusion, and Transformative Justice
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">One of the most pressing intersections in modern global social policy, pedagogy, and human rights discourse is that between education and disability. Education serves as a place where citizenship, dignity, economic engagement, and social belonging are negotiated in addition to being a place where knowledge is acquired. However, people with disabilities continue to be one of the groups most excluded from education globally. This essay looks at disability and education from pedagogical, historical, theoretical, and policy perspectives. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), the emergence of inclusive education frameworks, legal mandates, and the transformation of educational institutions through inclusive pedagogy, assistive technology, and universal design are all examined. The connection between disability and globalization is inherently contradictory. While globalization has increased visibility, enhanced rights frameworks, fostered technological advancements, and encouraged transnational solidarity, it has also exacerbated inequality, insecurity, and systemic exclusion. People with disabilities continue to be disproportionately impacted by poverty, exclusion from the workforce, digital disparities, and deficiencies in policy. The benefits promised by globalization often do not materialize for those who are marginalized. However, disability advocacy, human rights initiatives, and technological advancements indicate a potential for a more inclusive global system. The direction of globalization hinges on its capacity to prioritize accessibility, justice, and human dignity. Disability highlights the ethical constraints of globalization, prompting a reevaluation of concepts related to productivity, citizenship, physicality, and community. Achieving an inclusive global future necessitates not just integration but significant transformation
Globalization, Disability, Transformative Justice, Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), human rights, technological advancements.