Integral Research (ISSN:3048-5991) (CODEN:IRABCA) serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse disciplines to come together and explore the intersections between their respective fields. From the natural sciences to the social sciences, from humanities to technology, we aim to foster dialogue and exchange of ideas that transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries. Our journal encompasses a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: Sustainability and environmental studies Health and well-being Socio-economic development Cultural studies and diversity Technology and innovation Education and pedagogy Philosophy and ethics Arts and literature Integral Research seeks to publish high-quality original research, reviews, and theoretical perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex issues facing our world today. By bringing together insights from multiple disciplines, we strive to provide innovative approaches and novel solutions to the pressing challenges of our time. We invite researchers and scholars from all backgrounds to join us on this intellectual journey of exploration and discovery. Together, let us embark on a quest to integrate knowledge, transcend disciplinary boundaries, and advance the frontiers of human understanding. Journal indexing in some prominent directories and databases. GEORGIAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EuroPub Directory of Academic And Scientific Journals SJIF SPI-Hub IPIndexing KindCongress Cosmos ResearchBib RJIF ROOTINDEXING Crossref
(SAFE), Society For Academic Facilitation and Extension (Regd.) Address: 53, Karamchari Nagar, Bareilly 243112 (UP) India Email: safeindiaweb@gmail.com Website:https://safeindia.org.in/index.php/integral-research/
Indian Handicrafts: Art, Culture, Social Structure, and Economy
Indian civilization is distinguished by its rich cultural traditions, artistic expressions, and labour-based systems of production. Among these traditions, Indian handicrafts occupy a position of great significance. Handicrafts are not merely a process of producing objects; they represent the tangible form of a society’s cultural consciousness, historical memory, and economic life. For centuries, the Indian handicraft industry has served as a foundation for livelihoods in both rural and urban communities, and even today this sector provides direct and indirect employment to millions of people. The nature of the handicraft industry is primarily labour-intensive, involving the integrated use of traditional knowledge, local skills, and natural resources. Unlike modern industrial production systems, handicrafts preserve human creativity and cultural identity. From this perspective, the handicraft industry is not only an economic activity but also a carrier of social and cultural heritage.
Handicrafts Culture Traditional Techniques Labour-Intensive Industry Employment-Oriented / Employment-Generating Cultural Heritage
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mapping the Local: Literary Micro-Geographies of Amit Chaudhuri
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">The paper is a critical exploration of the concept and the application of the idea of local tints in the works of a modern Indian writer, Amit Chaudhuri. Leaving behind the postcolonial grand narrative that has dominated readings of Indian English fiction since the start of the twentieth century, the paper holds that the phenomenology of the local is central to Chaudhuri; the specific textures, sounds, atmospheres, and mundane details of place, with Calcutta (Kolkata), its native, giving the novelist primary focus, and Bombay (Mumbai) and provincial towns receiving secondary focus. Through a critical examination of his major novels, viz., the title chapters of his works, which are a strange and sublime address, afternoon raag, freedom song and the immortals, the analysis illustrates the ways in which an aesthetic by Chaudhuri makes the minor, the transient and the senses visible. It argues that his local tints are not, however, merely decorative, but represent a radical form of attention, which opposes monumental history, national allegory, and the typical elements of the Indian novel in English, to provide a different ontology of the everyday where the local is a place of silent but significant epistemological and aesthetic revelation.
Amit Chaudhuri; Local Tints; Everyday; Postcolonial Minimalism; Calcutta- Kolkata; Indian English Fiction.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessing the Role of Emerging Contaminants in the River Varuna: Implications for Water Quality Ecosystems and Public Health
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Emerging contaminants are a class of chemicals and biological agents that are not yet subject to routine environmental monitoring or regulatory standards but are increasingly detected in environmental media and are of concern due to their potential ecological and human health impacts. Emerging contaminants (ECs) including pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, and industrial chemicals are increasingly detected in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. While extensive research has documented ECs in the River Ganga and its major tributaries, there is a knowledge gap regarding their occurrence and ecological significance in smaller urban tributaries such as the Varuna River in Varanasi, India. This study synthesizes existing water quality data, regional emerging contaminant research, and urban pollution dynamics to evaluate how ECs may impact the Varuna’s water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. The findings highlight chronic pollution from untreated sewage and insufficient wastewater infrastructure, which are likely facilitating the transport and persistence of ECs in this urban waterway. The paper concludes with recommendations for targeted monitoring, risk assessment, and management strategies.
Emerging contaminants, Pharmaceuticals, Industrial waste, human health impacts
Sadak, Bollywood Movie, Directed by Mahesh Bhatt
Sadak, Bollywood Movie, Directed by Mahesh Bhatt, Vishesh Films, Language-Hindi, Running Time 134 Minutes
Academic and Research Writing: Principles, Ethics and Contemporary Practices in Scholarly Communication
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Academic and research writing constitutes the foundation of scholarly communication and knowledge dissemination in higher education and professional research environments. It requires logical organization, clarity of expression, critical engagement with existing literature, and adherence to ethical and disciplinary conventions. This manuscript presents a comprehensive and integrated account of academic and research writing, encompassing its conceptual foundations, importance, defining characteristics, fundamental rules, structural organization, literature review practices, ethical considerations, plagiarism prevention, publication processes, technological influences, pedagogical approaches, global perspectives, interdisciplinary applications, scholarly impact, and emerging trends. The objective is to equip students, researchers, and academicians with a coherent framework for producing credible, original, and impactful scholarly work.
Academic writing; Research writing; Scholarly communication; Research ethics; Literature review; Plagiarism prevention.
An Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Literacy Differentials and Gender Imbalance in Chitrakoot District, Uttar Pradesh, India
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Literacy and sex ratio are the ideal reference to socio-economic development and gender equity. The question under scrutiny in this research is; Which are the spatio-temporal relations of the differentials of literacy and gender imbalance in Chitrakoot District, Uttar Pradesh using block-level census data in 2001 and 2011. Among the research agenda was systematic evaluation of the general literacy trends, the disparity in male and female literacy, block-sex-ratio trends and how literacy and sex ratio are correlated. Decadal change analysis and gender-gap scrutiny of the secondary data based on the District Census Handbooks were analyzed with the help of GTS-based thematic mapping. The rank correlation coefficient of Spearman was used to examine the relationship between literacy and sex-ratio. The results reveal significant inequalities in the patterns of literacy and sex-ratio, and not evenly spread out administrative blocks. Although the female literacy levels increased, and the gender differences did too, the correlation between literacy and the sex ratio remained insignificant which explains why the specific, block-oriented measures should be taken to ensure the promotion of inclusive and gender-balanced development.
Spatio-temporal analysis, Literacy Differentials, Gender imbalance, Decadal Growth Rate, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
Issues of Dance Training in Nigeria: A Comparative Study of The Performing Arts Department, Unilorin, and Crown Troupe of Africa
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Dance training in Nigeria reflects diverse philosophies shaped by institutional frameworks and cultural practices. This comparative study examines the Performing Arts Department of the University of Ilorin (Unilorin) and the Crown Troupe of Africa, two prominent centers of dance education and performance. While Unilorin adopts a structured academic model encapsulated in the code of TPR—Theory, Practice, and Research, Crown Troupe of Africa emphasizes a community-driven approach defined by TTT—Talent, Time, and Target. Through qualitative analysis of training methods, curricula, and performance outcomes, the study highlights the strengths and challenges inherent in both systems. The TPR model fosters intellectual rigor, technical mastery, and scholarly inquiry, positioning dance as both an art and an academic discipline. Conversely, the TTT framework prioritizes creativity, experiential learning, and goal-oriented practice, nurturing performers who are deeply connected to cultural identity and social engagement. Findings reveal that while TPR ensures professionalization and sustainability within formal education, TTT cultivates adaptability, innovation, and grassroots relevance. The paper argues that integrating elements of both codes could enrich dance pedagogy in Nigeria, bridging the gap between academic scholarship and community artistry. Ultimately, this comparative study underscores the need for hybrid models that balance theory with creativity, research with cultural expression, and institutional training with community practice, thereby advancing the future of dance education and performance in Nigeria.
Dance training in Nigeria, Performing Arts education, TPR, TTT, Comparative pedagogy.
Effect of Cooperative Learning and Peer Teaching Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement of Geometrical Concepts in Mathematics
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The study investigated the effect of the cooperative learning and the peer teaching strategies on students’ academic achievement of geometrical concepts in Mathematics in senior secondary schools in Delta State of Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to guide the study and three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The pretest posttest control quasi experimental research design was employed in this study. The population of the study was two thousand nine hundred and fifty-four (2 954) SS I students in Oshimilli North Local Government Area of Delta State. The sample consisted of 289 SS1 students which is a 10% representation of the population. They were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. Three (3) public and three (3) private schools were selected and their intact classes used. The control group was made up of two intact classes of 105 students. The experimental group 1 (cooperative learning strategy) had 91 students in two intact classes while experimental group 2 (peer teaching strategy) had 93 students in two intact classes. The instrument used for data collection was a Geometry Achievement Test (GAT). The reliability of GAT was established using Kudder-Richardson formula 20 which yielded a coefficient of internal consistency of 0.79. Data were collected by administering the GAT as the pretest and the posttest. The data obtained were analyzed using mean. Standard deviation and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the study revealed a significant effect of treatment on students’ academic achievement of geometrical concepts in Mathematics. Students in the peer teaching strategy group performed significantly better than those in the cooperative learning strategy group in terms of academic achievement. In addition, in terms of school ownership, students in both private and public schools in the peer teaching strategy group performed significantly better academically than those in the cooperative learning strategy group and the control group respectively. Moreover, there was no significant interaction effect of strategy, school ownership and gender on the academic achievement of students in geometrical concepts in Mathematics. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the peer teaching and the cooperative learning strategies leads to better academic achievement of geometrical concepts in Mathematics for students. Therefore, it is recommended among others, that teachers of Mathematics in senior secondary schools should adopt the cooperative learning and peer teaching strategies in the teaching of Mathematics to enhance students’ academic achievement in geometrical concepts specifically, and in Mathematics generally.
Academic achievement, Cooperative learning and Peer teaching strategies.
Financial Rewards as correlate Job Satisfaction of Business Educators in Colleges of Education in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The study examined financial and rewards as correlates of business educators’ job satisfaction in colleges of education in Edo and Delta States. To guide this study, three research questions were raised while three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The correlational research design was employed in the study. The population was made up of 121 business educators in colleges of education in Edo and Delta States. The entire population of 121 was used for the study. The research instrument that was used to collect data for this study was a questionnaire titled “Financial Rewards Assessment Questionnaire” (FRAQ), it has two sections. Section A consists of personal data of business educators such as sex, working experience and marital status, while section B consists of 21 items divided into 3 clusters to measure financial rewards on job satisfaction. The research instruments were face and content validated by three experts. Cronbach Alpha statistics was used to ascertain the internal consistency of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained. For data collection, the questionnaire was administered by the researcher with the help of five research assistants. Pearson product moment correlation co-efficient was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that financial rewards significantly influence job satisfaction of Business Educators in Colleges of Education in Edo and Delta States. The researcher recommended that government and college management should ensure that variables such as salary, medical benefits and retirement benefits be adequately provided in colleges of education.
Financial rewards, job satisfaction, business educators, colleges of education.
Migration From Nigeria: Exaggerated Ideas Versus Harsh Realities
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The commercialisation of social media views and clicks has generated a new breed of armchair journalists, content creators and internet advisers on any topic of interest. These people target issues of interest and claim expertise in them. While many of their claims are unverified and unverifiable, some are commonsensical and verifiable. But time and experience play special roles in the value of the information or disinformation. The recent wave of youth unemployment and the drive to ‘survive at all costs’ occasioned by the economic difficulty in Nigeria, has blindfolded some youths into believing that anywhere outside Nigeria is a greener pasture. This desperation therefore makes them pay attention to positive information about travelling without balancing the discernment by listening to the woes that could befall a traveller. On the other hand, the desire to generate internet traffic and clicks has deterred some bloggers and content creators from publishing the truth because they would suffer lack of views or positive ratings. They therefore prepare what the audience warms to. As a result, too, lots of people get involved in migrating with lofty expectations which are soon dashed on the ground, only but too late. This presentation explores some of the roles migration internet advisers, registered agents and foreign enterprises play in misleading young Nigerians. Correspondence and Coherence theories of Truth were adopted as framework, while focus group discussion design was used. The scope of the study lies within the migration experiences that result to ‘woes and wonders’ to the Nigerian populace as well as the roles and responsibilities of the concerned order in the industry. It also recommends a positive way forward, which includes balanced provision of information from both sides, appeal to family and significant others to investigate and commit to the outcome, and preparation for fallback by the traveller in case of disappointment.
Social media, Migration, Unemployment, Nigerian youths, Truth.
An Assessment of the Impact of Insurance Investment on Nigeria’s Economic Growth
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This paper is titled “An Assessment of the Impact of Insurance Investment on Nigeria’s Economic Growth". Assessing the impact of insurance investment on Nigeria's economic growth is crucial because insurance mobilizes significant long-term capital (premiums) for productive investments, facilitates risk management for businesses, promotes financial stability, and contributes to GDP, with studies showing a positive link, though its full potential is hampered by low penetration and regulatory gaps, necessitating policy focus on deepening insurance uptake for sustained growth. It Investigates the impact of insurance sector development and the Nigerian economy from 1990 to 2022. The study employed time series data sourced from CBN statistical bulletin and using ARDL model to analyze the data. The empirical results indicate that insurance investment does have a significant impact on the overall growth and development of the Nigerian economy, also insurance premium does have a significant impact on the overall growth and development of the Nigerian economy, and total insurance transaction does have a significant impact on the overall growth and development of the Nigerian economy. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made: Policymakers should encourage inclusive insurance practices through regulatory measures promoting accessibility and affordability for a broader Nigerian population, fostering competition, innovation, and consumer protection. Policymakers and regulators must carefully balance premium regulation to ensure profitability for insurance companies and affordability for consumers, preventing excessive premiums that could hinder economic growth. Regular collaboration among policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers is crucial for continuous monitoring and research of the insurance sector's performance and economic impact, facilitating evidence based decision-making.
Gross Domestic Product, Total Premiums, Total Insurance Investment, Total Transaction.
The Ego and the Shadow: A Psychoanalytic Study of Frodo Baggins in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Fellowship of the Ring
This research paper explores The Fellowship of the Ring from a psychological point of view. It focuses on Frodo Baggins and the psychological weight he bears from the beginning of the novel. Though absent in body Gollum emerges through Gandalf’s words. Gollum is less a person and more of a reflection shaped by past decay. Taken from the concept of Freud of repression and unconscious desire along with Jung’s idea of the shadow. All these are tied to the One Ring, which is interpreted as an unconscious threat that disrupts the identity and morality of Frodo. The moment the Ring is placed in Frodo’s hand, it brings unrest and fear even before he can fully understand the danger he carries. Smeagol’s transformation from a normal Hobbit to Gollum through the corruption of the Ring shows Frodo to the possibility of psychological collapse caused by being exposed to power and desire for a long time. This knowledge shapes Frodo’s unconscious fear of becoming a corrupted creature like Gollum. This makes Gollum a symbolic mirror rather than a physical companion. Focusing only on the events and the words found in The Fellowship of the Ring, this study shows Tolkien’s exploration of trauma, repression and inner conflict revealing that Frodo’s true journey begins within the mind long before it takes physical form.
The Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo Baggins, Psychoanalysis, Unconscious desires, Psychological desires, Shadow self
Copyright (c) 2026 Judah Smith J. M, Dr. D. J. B. Esther Rajathi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
AI Powered Performance Monitoring Device: Design, Functionality, and Applications
The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and wearable technology has transformed the realms of physical education, sports science, and the assessment of human performance. This research paper offers a thorough examination of an innovative AI-Powered Performance Monitoring Device, detailing its design, mechanical configuration, user interface, and practical uses. The device is designed to collect physiological and kinematic data, analyze it using intelligent algorithms, and deliver real-time feedback to enhance performance, monitor health, and optimize training. The paper describes the device’s various perspectives based on the registered design, assesses its functional elements, and explores its applications in physical education, athletics, rehabilitation, and research. The study concludes that AI-driven wearable performance systems are essential for contemporary evidence-based training and have significant implications across both educational and professional contexts.
Artificial Intelligence, Wearable Technology, Performance Monitoring, Physical Education, Sports Science.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Shraddha Shree Yadav, Dr. Jitendra Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Narrative Techniques of Disruption and Defragmentation in Toni Morrison’s Novels
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">This study on Toni Morrison’s fiction analysed the role played by the narrative technique of disruption in the transmission of message. It primarily focused on Beloved, Song of Solomon, Sula and Love which are largely representative with regard to the use of the technique of disruption. The analysis aimed at exploring the role that the narrative technique of disruption plays in the representation of the societal malaise rooted in racial marginalisation and cultural degeneration. Additionally, the paper examined Morrison’ use of defragmentation as a narrative technique and the interspersion of the past and the present tenses in her narratives to understand profoundly the mechanism of the process of defragmentation with regard to the choice and construction of themes in her novels. Essentially, the analysis was guided by the Theory of Abjection propounded by Julia Kristeva (1981), Vladimir Propp’s narratological functions (1968), and Freud’s concept of “The Uncanny” (1953). The reading targeted principally the writer’s selected novels and the related critical essays and articles. As a result, it has been found that the narrative technique of disruption significantly frames the conveyed message. First, it enables the writer to represent successfully the African American nightmare through a disjointed narration that translates the disintegration of the American society. Second, this technique has facilitated the writer to expose the decaying American society due to racial marginalization and subsequent social inequalities. Finally, Morrison deploys the narrative technique of defragmentation in her fiction to mend the shattered identities and reconcile the fragmented selves
narrative technique, defragmentation, disruption, racial marginalisation, slavery, interspersion of past and present
Copyright (c) 2026 Prof. Leon Bashirahishize, Prof. Spes Nibafasha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Senior Secondary School Teachers and Students’ Perceptions on The Teaching and Learning of English Language Grammar in Ogun State, Nigeria
Grammar forms a central component of language mastery, yet research has not sufficiently addressed how teachers and students’ perceive grammar teaching, particularly within the Nigerian educational context. This study investigated the perceptions of English Language teachers and students regarding the teaching and learning of grammar in senior secondary schools. The study population comprised 136 students and 24 teachers selected from four senior secondary schools in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire titled Perception of Grammar Teaching in Secondary Schools (PGTSS) and analysed using simple percentages and chi-square statistics. Findings revealed significant differences between teachers’ and students’ perceptions of grammar instruction, despite their shared cultural and educational backgrounds. These perceptual variations were influenced by factors such as previous language-learning experiences, levels of linguistic proficiency, academic needs, and career aspirations. The study highlights critical pedagogical implications for English as Second Language (ESL) learning, emphasis the need for learner-centred strategies that bridge perceptual gaps between teachers and students to improve the effectiveness of grammar teaching and learning.
teachers, students, perception, grammar, English Language teaching, ESL
Copyright (c) 2026 Falilat Titilola Adenuga, Abdulahi Olawale Yisa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessing the Sustainable Viability by Financial Metrics: based on Evaluation of Cooperative Society Performance on the basis of Pearls
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">In India, the cooperative organizations have been very important for the advancing economic development, Financial Inclusion, as well as for the empowerment of the community. However, the cooperatives' financial performance, governance frameworks, as well as the capacity to adjust to the changing markets and the economic condition are critical for their long-term viability. Using the PEARLS as a base this study examines the relationship between the cooperative societies' sustainability in the long term as well as their financial success for their survival. The study has used a mixed-method approach and have gathered primary data from the 149 cooperative organizations in the credit, as well as the agricultural sectors of the economy. This study has used Regression analysis, correlation, to assess the relationship between sustainability indicators and the financial stability, growth, as well as the expansion. The findings of our study indicated the strong and the positive relationship between the overall sustainability and financial success as determined by the PEARLS framework. Cooperatives who have the strong asset quality, good and ample liquidity, and high growth metrics are often seen as the more economically viable, the more socially significant, and the more sustainable as well as viable. The results of this study have proved that how crucial it is to establish very strict financial management procedures and also put in place the monitoring systems that is efficient and encourage the involvement of members. These findings may help the cooperative managers as well as the policymakers, to improve the long-term viability, effectiveness of the operations, as well as the governance.
Cooperative Societies, PEARLS Framework, Financial Stability, Growth, Expansion, Sustainability, Financial Performance.
Austen's Sense and Sensibility: Depiction of Social Reality
Jane Austen is an established name in the history of English Literature. She has created wonder by incorporating the common themes like marriage, human relationships, women’s status and patriarchy in her novels. Six specific novels that are responsible for tagging her as an excellent novelist, contribute to the requisite theme of life and society. In the present paper the object is to talk about Sense and Sensibility as depicting the true picture of the society of her time. The novel, published in 1811, is set between the years 1792-1797. The story centres around the Dashwood family. Through the characters of the novel the writer has tried to unveil the real world of that particular period. Definitely Austen’s objective, ironical and humorous approach is appreciable.
Jane Austen, marriage, human relationships, women’s status and patriarchy,
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruchi Malaviya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Role of Teacher Education Institutions in Promoting Inclusive and Sustainable Values
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">The TEIs assume a central crossroads of the quest in the world towards sustainable and equitable societies. Being the major players in educating the future teachers, their curriculum, pedagogical approach, and organizations cultures in essence determine the way the new generation of educators perceives and adopts inclusion and sustainability. In this paper, the authors will look at the complex role played by TEIs in fostering inclusive sustainable values. It posits that in order to achieve the real goal of education to propel the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, especially SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), TEIs should go beyond theoretical outlay to adopt transformative and justice-focused strategies. This paper addresses the conceptual foundations of inclusive education (IE) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and shows that the two have a synergistic nature, through a systematic review of the literature. It outlines major TEI objectives such as curriculum redesign, transformative teaching, inclusive practice in institutions, community, and teacher empowerment. The main hypothesis is that TEIs that incorporate ESD and IE in a logical, justice-oriented model will bring up teachers who will be much more effective and dedicated to developing an inclusive and sustainable classroom and community, thus a multiplier effect of societal change. The conclusion highlights the necessity of TEIs as living examples of the values they profess, and it needs a fundamental change in the policy, practice, and evaluation to achieve their potential as vehicles to a more just and sustainable future.
Teacher Education, Teacher Education Institutions, Sustainable Development, UNESCO, Curriculum Integration.
The Art and Science of Metabolic Syndrome :A Natralistic Approach
Metabolic syndrome is a conundrum of some metabolic conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular diseases along with apple-shaped obesity. Most of Indian people are, unfortunately, not metabolically very resilient, and abdominally obese with insulin resistance residing in visceral fat. They are unable to use insulin mellifluously secreted by pancreas because of the resistance this fat offers, consequently metabolic syndrome props up with gratuitous manifestations. Metabolic syndrome has brought cascading epidemic-affecting one fourth adult population of the world-and posing threats belligerently to health, longevity, and quality of life of the masses. The abovementioned biomarkers are linked with one another, and mar the lifespan. It is lifestyle disorder, so necessitates lifestyle modifications to control its pejorative progression. If it is not redressed timely and tenuously then it’s volcanic wrath yields insulin resistance giving birth to deadly diseases like diabetes and hypertension.. Thus, Metabolic syndrome is a foremost factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide and has become an interface to explore new vistas to tackle its menace. Though, so many pharmaceutical companies offer medicines that are proven invariably very useful. But there remains a scope in the use of nutraceuticals in the treatment of metabolic ailments. The paper is a humble attempt to explore newer therapies, and natural approaches to address metabolic syndrome. However, the paper pinpoints the importance of naturopathy and natural products to manage and manoeuvre metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases
Copyright (c) 2026 Mirza Sibtain Beg, Prof. Dilshad Husain Rizvi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Review of "the Making of the Second Igwe of Uhueze-Nenwe Autonomous Community."
Let me begin a critical assessment of this masterpiece entitled "The Making of the Second Igwe of Uhueze-Nenwe Autonomous Community by merging my voice with that of thousands of Uhuezerians, as well as friends and well-wishers of Uhueze at home and across the globe to warmly felicitate with His Royal Highness, Igwe Barrister (Dr) Godwin Chijioke Nwobodo, fdc, DIG (Rtd), Egbeleri II on the auspicious occasion of his coronation and ascension to the throne of Uhueze-Nenwe Ancient Kingdom, and for his steady assurances of a peaceful, prosperous and egalitarian Community; a Community where justice, unity and progress are watchwords.
Community Leadership, Conflict Resolution, Igweship Succession, Historical Documentation, Elders' Mediation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Onyeka Ike (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting in India
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: 0pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: flat; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-effects-shadow-color: black; mso-effects-shadow-themecolor: dark1; mso-effects-shadow-alpha: 40.0%; mso-effects-shadow-dpiradius: 3.0pt; mso-effects-shadow-dpidistance: 1.5pt; mso-effects-shadow-angledirection: 2700000; mso-effects-shadow-align: topleft; mso-effects-shadow-pctsx: 100.0%; mso-effects-shadow-pctsy: 100.0%; mso-effects-shadow-anglekx: 0; mso-effects-shadow-angleky: 0; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In India, information about sustainability is anticipated to be disclosed through BRSR. This would motivate individuals to think about aspects other than profit and risk when they make investments. The environmental criteria of BRSR will consider a company's performance as a steward of nature. Social criteria will consider how the company manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and communities. The governance aspects will deal with a company’s leadership salaries, audits, internal issues, and shareholder rights. It also bothers the impact of the company towards activities and business relationships on the economy, environment, and people. For that, a business enterprise must fulfil its non-financial reporting. This includes informing its stakeholders, investors, and employees about how its operations effect ESG issues. This paper aims to investigate how India is converting ESG to BRR and BRR to BRSR. As we know that GRI is a broad concept of BRSR, and we want to know the guidelines of SEBI BRSR. In this paper, I take the top 15 BSE SENSEX companies FY2023-2024 (on a quarterly basis) in India and check how they are following BRSR disclosure of Section C with its nine principles. The study will analyse the alignment of corporate disclosures with SEBI's BRSR framework and assess their effectiveness in fostering sustainability reporting. It will also evaluate the challenges companies face in implementing the prescribed ESG practices under BRSR. Furthermore, this research will highlight sector-wise variations in compliance and transparency levels. The findings will provide insights into corporate accountability and sustainable business practices in the Indian market. This paper aims to contribute to the growing discourse on ESG integration and its impact on responsible investing in India.
Keywords: Business Responsibility, Sustainability (BRSR); Environmental Social, Governance (ESG); Business Responsibility Report (BRR); Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).
Copyright (c) 2026 Richa Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Sustainable Green Initiatives and Practices in Academic Libraries: A Case Study of The Pgim Library
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This case study investigates the strategic integration of green initiatives at the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine (PGIM) Library in Sri Lanka, documenting its transformation into a model of sustainable practice. It aims to document specific digital initiatives, analyse their impact on reducing the library's carbon footprint, and discuss their alignment with global sustainability benchmarks. Employing a multi-method approach, the study triangulates data from archival records, documentary evidence, digital artefacts, and system metrics. The findings reveal a synergistic operational shift driven by five core initiatives: the digitisation of administrative processes, implementation of a paperless communication ecosystem, a mandatory policy for digital academic submissions, development of an open-access repository, and the resultant indirect benefits of enhanced efficiency and access. The discussion frames this journey within green library theory, demonstrating how these targeted, low-cost digital interventions align with the principles of source-level waste reduction, fulfil key UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 9, 12, 13), and offer a replicable blueprint for libraries in developing nations. The study concludes that the PGIM Library’s experience provides empirical evidence that libraries can architect sustainability through strategic operational choices, positioning themselves as proactive agents in building an environmentally responsible and resilient future.
Digital transformation; Green libraries; PGIM library; Sustainable Development Goals; SDGs; Sustainable practices; Academic Libraries; Sri Lanka
Copyright (c) 2026 Dilhani Munasinghe, Chandima Wadasinghe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Diasporas of Gods, Forgotten Histories, and Cultural Identity: Religion, Power, and Resistance in Postcolonial Manipur
This paper explores how religion, history, and power have shaped cultural identity in Manipur within a postcolonial context. It examines the spread of Hinduism and Christianity and shows how these religious influences reconfigured indigenous traditions and produced tensions over belonging and historical memory. By engaging with the political merger of Manipur with India and the workings of secular governance, the study highlights how dominant national narratives marginalised local voices. The paper also foregrounds the role of women, vernacular politics, and indigenous languages in sustaining resistance. Figures such as Rani Gaidinliu and Hijam Irabot illustrate how subaltern histories continue to challenge official accounts of the nation.
Identity Politics; Indigenous Religions; Nation-State; Feminist Historiography; Minority Cultures
A Comprehensive Review on Referencing and Citation Practices in Academic Research
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Referencing and citation practices form the foundation of scholarly communication by ensuring transparency, accountability, and ethical dissemination of knowledge. With the continuous expansion of academic literature across disciplines and the increasing reliance on digital publishing platforms, adherence to standardized citation practices has become more critical than ever. This review examines the conceptual principles of referencing, outlines its historical evolution, and explains the scholarly rationale for proper citation. Major referencing styles are discussed, with particular emphasis on the Vancouver system commonly adopted in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Ethical considerations, common challenges encountered by researchers, and the role of reference management software are also addressed. By strengthening citation literacy and ethical awareness, this review aims to promote responsible research practices and enhance the overall quality of academic scholarship.
Academic referencing, Citation ethics, Vancouver style, Scholarly communication, Research integrity.
Reimagining the Social Novel: From Gunahon Ka Devta to Milan and Chetna
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'David',sans-serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The present paper explores cinematic adaptation as a complex process of cultural re-mediation by following the path of the critically acclaimed social novel of Dharmavir Bharati, Gunahon ka Devta (2000) to the two films based on it, namely: Milan (1967) and Chetna (1970). Beyond the conventional fidelity criticism, the paper argues that these movies are not merely adaptations of the novel but rather recreate the underlying disjunctions of the novel: e.g., disjunction between personal desire and social responsibility, disjunction between tradition and modernity to suit the changing commercial logic, their stars and their social-political fears of the respective times. The literature review by a comparative textual analysis shows that both these adaptations carry out a distinct cultural negotiation: the tragic, psychologically motivated social critique of the novel is translated into a myth, redemptive romance in each of them, which offers the escape of therapeutic value through the virtuous star characters of Sunil Dutt and Nutan. On the other hand, the transposition of the conflict in the gritty plane of the urban melodrama in *Chetna* turns it into a crisis of the modern sexual politics and of the urban contradiction of classes through the rebellious character of Rajesh Khanna. In the end, the paper maintains that the films can be used as a cultural barometer, to reveal how mainstream Hindi cinema is absorbing and domesticating the problematic moral ambiguities of the post-independence literary canon, and in the process transforming subtle psychological drama into mass-culture genres that appeal to the imaginations and fears of an emerging post-independent India.
Adaptation Studies, Hindi Cinema, Bollywood, Dharmavir Bharati, Social Novel, Gunahon Ka Devta, Milan, Chetna, 1960s Cinema, 1970s Cinema.
GLO Data Packages and their influence on University of Africa, Toru-Orua (UAT), Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Students’ Access to Information for Academic Purpose
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'David',sans-serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This study examined the influence of Glo data packages on University of Africa, Toru-Orua (UAT), Bayelsa State, Nigeria, students’ access to academic information. Affordable Internet access is crucial for students’ learning, research, and collaboration in higher education. Globacom (Glo), as a major telecommunication provider in Nigeria, has historically offered student-friendly bundles that supported academic engagement. The study sought to examine the accessibility, affordability, and academic utilisation of Glo data services, while also assessing how the tariff hike has impacted students’ ability to engage with digital learning resources. The study adopted Social Cognitive theory as the theoretical framework. However, the recent 50% increase in data tariffs approved by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has raised concerns about affordability and equity in digital access. The study adopted a survey research design with 343 respondents drawn from various faculties of UAT. Findings revealed that Glo data were widely used for accessing e-books, online journals, virtual classes, and academic collaboration. Prior to the tariff hike, most students considered Glo data affordable, but the increase significantly limited their ability to maintain subscriptions, especially among low-income students. This has deepened the digital divide and hindered full participation in academic activities. The study concluded that while Glo data packages remain vital for academic access, affordability challenges threaten students’ learning outcomes. It recommended subsidised student-data plans, enhanced university ICT infrastructure, and partnerships between telecom providers and educational institutions to ensure equitable and sustainable access to academic information.
Data, E-Learning, GLO, Students, Tariff, Information resources.
Jorasanko Thakur Bari: The Tragedy of Women’s Lives Beneath the Veil of Grandeur
This research paper presents Jorasanko Thakur Bari not merely as a symbol of cultural grandeur and literary glory, but as a site that embodies women’s oppression, mental anguish, and silenced suffering. The study centers on the life experiences of Mrinalini Devi and Kadambari Devi, through which it examines the patriarchal order, class inequality, and the helpless condition of women within so-called elite families. Child marriage, the erasure of name and identity, emotional neglect, the relentless burden of motherhood, and psychological depression collectively shape the lived realities of women in Thakur Bari. By questioning the private familial role of a towering literary figure like Rabindranath Tagore, the paper exposes the contradictions between his poetic sensibility and his role as a husband. It also critically addresses the inhuman attitude toward widows, opposition to widow remarriage, and women’s economic dependence. The article argues that a society that spoke eloquently of national freedom and modernity simultaneously compelled women within its own households to live in conditions of mental servitude. Thus, Jorasanko Thakur Bari emerges as a powerful symbol of the suppressed realities and unspoken truths of women’s lives.
Jorasanko, Mrinalini Devi, Thakur Bari, Rabindranath Tagore, National Freedom, Mental Servitude.
Revisiting Ecocriticism and “Cli-Fi”: Reading Climate Change through Literature
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'David',sans-serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Literature, time and again, penetrates and reflects on the societal issues in terms of culture, politics, economy, philosophy, spirituality, human psyche and unanticipated changes in the ecology. So also, its paradigm shifts on climate issues that effect on human and natural phenomenon. Climate change is no longer a scientific or policy concern, it has become a profound cultural and imaginative challenge. This paper explores the emergence of “climate literature” as a significant area within environmental humanities. It focuses on the shift from early ecocritical writing towards contemporary “cli-fi” (climate fiction) (Johns-Putra, 2016; Slovic, 2014). Drawing on key theoretical interventions and selected literary examples, the paper delves into how literature represents the fierceness of climate change, interrogates human-nature-relationships, reimagines responsibility and hopes in the Anthropocene (Bould, 2021; Ghosh, 2016). The paper further highlights on different dimensions of climate impact on human-nature relationships, firstly, an overview of climate crisis as understood by contemporary science, secondly, the evolution of ecocriticism and the specific turn to climate change, thirdly, the rise of cli-fi as a literary mode and its thematic concerns and lastly, the pedagogical implications of teaching climate literature in the Indian classroom. The paper argues that climate literature helps readers to “feel” climate change as lived experience rather than distant abstraction, and thus functions as a vital cultural response to a global emergency (Slovic, 2014).
Climate literature, cli-fi, ecocriticism, Anthropocene, cultural response, environmental humanities, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. G M Murtheppa, Munianjinappa. K (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Religion and Hypocrisy in the Political Lyrics of Eedris Abdulkareem
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">In Nigeria, religion is deeply woven into public life, frequently serving as a source of legitimacy for political actors. Elected officials often invoke religious language to portray themselves as morally upright, while simultaneously presiding over systems rife with corruption, impunity, and inequality. This paper examines how Nigerian hip-hop artist Eedris Abdulkareem uses religious symbolism and verbal irony in his lyrics to expose the contradictions between public piety and political immorality. Focusing primarily on the songs “Jaga Jaga” and “Letter to Mr. President,” the study applies discourse analysis and semiotic deconstruction to uncover how Abdulkareem weaponizes religious language to critique elite hypocrisy. Findings reveal that Abdulkareem does not attack religion itself but critiques its manipulation by corrupt politicians who use spiritual authority as a cloak for criminal governance. His lyrics perform a reversal of moral order, placing religiously performative elites on trial before the court of public opinion. Moreover, Abdulkareem’s use of irony often dismissed as street vulgarity emerges here as a deliberate rhetorical strategy to collapse the distance between sacredness and state dysfunction. The censorship of “Jaga Jaga” further underscores the state’s discomfort with music that undermines its religious self-image. The study concludes that Abdulkareem’s music constitutes a form of informal moral critique, giving regular Nigerians a different platform to challenge the authority of those in positions of both governmental and spiritual authority. It argues that popular music remains a vital platform for ethical resistance where formal institutions such as the judiciary, media, or religious bodies have been compromised. It is recommended that religious institutions in Nigeria undertake internal reflection on their engagement with political power, resisting complicity in corrupt regimes. Additionally, scholars of religion and governance should treat popular music not merely as entertainment but as a critical archive of ethical dissent that captures the lived contradictions of a society navigating between sacred ideals and failed leadership.
Eedris Abdulkareem, religion and politics, protest music, Nigeria, moral hypocrisy, lyrical analysis, corruption, irony, popular theology, political discourse
Sustainable Digital Workflows in Theatre Production Design: A Framework for Eco-Scenography and Life Cycle Optimization in Nigeria
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The Nigerian creative sector, particularly the globally influential film industry, Nollywood, and its burgeoning theatre scene, faces a critical juncture regarding its environmental footprint. Traditional production design practices, often characterised by rapid, low-budget construction and subsequent material disposal, contribute significantly to the nation's growing waste management crisis and carbon emissions. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for Sustainable Digital Workflows (SDW), specifically tailored for the Nigerian context, to transition scenography from a linear, resource-intensive model to a circular, data-informed, and environmentally responsible practice. Drawing upon established principles from the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, namely Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies, the SDW framework integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) directly into the digital design process. This integration is hypothesised to enable Nigerian designers to overcome infrastructural limitations by facilitating precise material quantification, promoting the use of local, sustainable materials, and maximising asset reusability. The framework addresses the unique challenges of the Nigerian context, including the need for low-cost, accessible digital solutions to bridge the digital divide and the imperative to institutionalise circularity within a highly fragmented supply chain. This research argues that the strategic adoption of SDW is not merely an efficiency measure but a fundamental requirement for the future ecological and economic viability of Nigerian performance arts, positioning the industry as a leader in sustainable creative innovation across the African continent.
Digital Scenography, Sustainable Theatre, Nollywood, Life Cycle Assessment, Digital Twin, Circular Economy.