Integral Research
type: channel
description: Integral Research (ISSN:3048-5991) (CODEN:IRABCA) serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse disciplines to come together and explore the intersections between their respective fields. From the natural sciences to the social sciences, from humanities to technology, we aim to foster dialogue and exchange of ideas that transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries. Our journal encompasses a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: Sustainability and environmental studies Health and well-being Socio-economic development Cultural studies and diversity Technology and innovation Education and pedagogy Philosophy and ethics Arts and literature Integral Research seeks to publish high-quality original research, reviews, and theoretical perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex issues facing our world today. By bringing together insights from multiple disciplines, we strive to provide innovative approaches and novel solutions to the pressing challenges of our time. We invite researchers and scholars from all backgrounds to join us on this intellectual journey of exploration and discovery. Together, let us embark on a quest to integrate knowledge, transcend disciplinary boundaries, and advance the frontiers of human understanding. Journal indexing in some prominent directories and databases. GEORGIAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EuroPub Directory of Academic And Scientific Journals SJIF SPI-Hub IPIndexing KindCongress Cosmos ResearchBib RJIF ROOTINDEXING Crossref
publisher: (SAFE), Society For Academic Facilitation and Extension (Regd.) Address: 53, Karamchari Nagar, Bareilly 243112 (UP) India Email: safeindiaweb@gmail.com Website:https://safeindia.org.in/index.php/integral-research/
language: en
publication name: Integral Research
issn: 3048-5991
items: Ethics in Research: Principles, Practices, and Contemporary Challenges
items: 12 Years: My Messed up Love Story, A Romantic Novel by Chetan Bhagat
items: Media Convergence and Gender, Class and Disability Inequalities in Nigeria
items: Excerpts of Adulations for Womanhood in Robert Ebizimor’s Songs: A Cultural Feminist Perspective
items: An African Interpretation of Μεταδιδωμι Within the Context of The Post-Resurrection Experiences of Peter in the Acts of The Apostles
items: Nexus among GDP per capita with income inequality, wealth inequality, human development index and unemployment rate in India in ARDL model
items: The Ecosystem of the Western Ghats: A Study in the Context of India's Environmental and National Security
items: October
items: Modern Social Change and the Mindset of Highly Educated Women: A Sociological Study of Buxar District, Bihar
items: Inflation Targeting in India: A Decadal Study
items: A Review of Daniel Ndukwu's Understanding Prayer Without Error
items: Beyond Representation: Ambedkar on Caste and the Question of Social Transformation
items: Social Dogmas Embedded in the Standpoint to Hamper Approbation of Feminism in the Human Being as Reflected in Behind the Veil by Rashid Jahan
items: When Light is Imprisoned
items: Paradigmatic Shifts in the Dynamics of Success: Aggressive Marketing Through Digital Culture
items: A Comparative Study of the Educational Attitudes of Students Studying at the Secondary Level in Government and Private Schools
items: Reading Gender through the Lens of Law: The Case of Phulmonee Dasi and Rukmabai
items: Changing Nature of Youth Nationalism in Contemporary India
items: Poverty in Academic Institutions: An Analysis of Structural Deficits, Sociological Implications and Reform Pathways in The Indian Context
items: Queer Congruity and Emotional Verisimilitude in Boys Don't Cry
items: The Zen Essence in Only Yesterday by Studio Ghibli
items: Representing Death in Song-poems: The Example of Robert Ebizimor's Popular Music
items: Identity and Agency in Edna and Umaro as Foils or Twins
items: A Study of Computational Semantics in the Interpretation of Poems
items: Impact of Shifting Habitats on Migratory Bird Populations: An Evaluation
items: Suitable Conditions for Freshwater Fish in India and Their Evaluation
items: Decoding Kantian Concept of Freedom
items: Religion, Tourism and Development
items: A Review of I. A. Charles’ It is Never Late
items: Effect of Climatic Changes on Aquatic Fauna of District Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Ethics in Research: Principles, Practices, and Contemporary Challenges
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">This paper explores the ethical aspects of research that maintain integrity, accountability and social responsibility in research. It poses significant research problems: Why is it important to have research ethics in modern research? The study concludes that ethical principles can protect the participants, improve the credibility of the findings, and allow the public to trust the scientific and academic research. What are the philosophies and ethics to guide responsible research? The analysis identifies the approaches of Kantianism, Utilitarianism, Principalism and Deontology as basic approaches which influence ethical decision making and responsible actions. Should ethics be reflected in the research process in general? The paper shows that ethical issues must be considered throughout the research process, from problem form…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Research Ethics; Research Integrity; Informed Consent; Research Misconduct; Ethical Research Practices.
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. Parmod Kumar Mehra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 65
ending page: 73
doi: 10.57067/

12 Years: My Messed up Love Story, A Romantic Novel by Chetan Bhagat
type: item
description: 12 Years: My Messed up Love Story, A Romantic Novel by Chetan Bhagat, published by HarperCollins India, 2025.
subject: Review
  topic: section
creator: Dr. Nikita Agrawal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 4
ending page: 6
doi: 10.57067/

Media Convergence and Gender, Class and Disability Inequalities in Nigeria
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Communication across the world has evolved with the help of technology and has created several avenues to voice out our needs, opinions, transfer knowledge and information globally. Recently, digitalization has brought about media convergence which is the merging of different forms of mass media. This research paper seeks to examine the relationship between media convergence and gender, class and disability inequalities in Nigeria. Specifically, the study analyses the impact of media convergence on the representation of gender, class and disabilities in Nigeria; the effect of media convergence on public discourse about inequality, the study equally explores the ways the marginalized groups use the benefit of media convergence to reduce inequalities in Nigeria. The study looks at Technological Determinism and Agenda Setting theory of the media. The study adopts the in-depth-Interview research method and nine participants were interviewed. After data collation and analysis, the researchers finds out that; the respondents to some extent understand the meaning of media convergence, they equally use the potential of digital media tools to promote their public image and they face challenges such as; limited technological access, exclusion of low-income populations due to class-based constraints, and inadequate opportunities for persons with disabilities. The study concludes that media convergence can be used to increase public awareness, foster equitable society and create sustaina…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media convergence, Gender, Class, Disability and Nigeria.
  topic: keywords
creator: Oluchukwu Augustina Nwafor
creator: Maureen Ngozi Ndu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 23
doi: 10.57067/

Excerpts of Adulations for Womanhood in Robert Ebizimor’s Songs: A Cultural Feminist Perspective
type: item
description: Songs by Robert Ebizimor, an Izọn indigenous popular poet, is believed to be inclined towards addressing issues of women’s suppression and devaluation in society. However, his songs have since remained unexplored by scholars through this particular perspective. This paper focuses on investigating the treatment of women in selected songs by the singer. Through the qualitative analytical method, the paper carefully looks at images and ideas built around women, and seeks to explain how the images help the women course. Anchored on the theory of feminism, with specific reliance on the cultural feminist mode, the paper reveals that the songs are dominated by a strong feeling of opposition to the devaluation and denigration of women, noticed in the positive imaging, exaltation and a strong preference for the life, nature and role of the female sex over the male. It argues that this is based on a thoughtful re-examination of well-known potentials women are endowed with, dismissing premeditated and bias assumptions of patriarchy. The paper, therefore, demonstrates, conclusively, that the songs embody efforts aimed at the revaluation of women towards valuing and commanding respect for the agency of the totality of womanhood.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: songs, Robert Ebizimor, Izọn, popular poet, women, images, patriarchy, feminism.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ebiketonmor Opomu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ebiketonmor Opomu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 24
ending page: 35
doi: 10.57067/

An African Interpretation of Μεταδιδωμι Within the Context of The Post-Resurrection Experiences of Peter in the Acts of The Apostles
type: item
description: Simon Peter’s apostolic calling and placement as the head of the Twelve, which showcases his pre-eminent authority and power after the resurrection of Jesus Christ, are central in the Acts of the Apostles. These post-resurrection experiences of Peter are referred to as a product of μεταδιδωμι (mentoring) of a pre-determined successor. Likewise, Simon Peter’s succeeding his rabbi and leader, Jesus Christ, and becoming his vice-regent after the resurrection, are not alien to the Yorùbá. Such a successor, from Yorùbá perspectives, is usually referred to as either 'Àrè̩mo̩' (the first son of a king), 'Àrólé' (A pillar of the home, the only son), or 'Olórí e̩bí' (head of the family), or 'Ààyòo̩mo̩' (an outstanding child), or 'ojú Ò̩gá' (the favourite of the Master) in Yorùbá land of Nigeria. Previous studies on Simon Peter focused largely on events surrounding his call and the type of leadership he provided with little attention paid to the full manifestation of his apostolic calling and leadership excellence after the resurrection and their interpretations in the African context, especially from the perspectives of the Yorùbá in Nigeria. The paper, therefore, examines the Post-resurrection experiences of Simon Peter in the Acts of the Apostles from the context of Yorùbá in Nigeria. This is to investigate μεταδιδωμι in the Jesus-Peter relationship and its interpretation in the cultural milieu of the Yorùbá in Nigeria. Abogunrin’s Decolonisation of Biblical Interpretation is adopted. The paper reveals that the post-resurrection experiences of Peter in the Acts of the Apostles are pre-determined, processed and executed and that there exists a correlation between the Jewish culture and that of the Yorùbá, particularly in the cultural understanding of μεταδιδωμι.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Post-resurrection experiences, Simon Peter in the Acts of the Apostles, Jesus-Peter relationship, Μεταδιδωμι, Successor in Yorùbá Perspectives
  topic: keywords
creator: Dayo Joseph Makanjuola
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dayo Joseph Makanjuola (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 49
doi: 10.57067/

Nexus among GDP per capita with income inequality, wealth inequality, human development index and unemployment rate in India in ARDL model
type: item
description: The relation between India's GDP per capita,income inequality,wealth inequality,human development index and unemployment rate during 1990-2025 was analyzed through ARDL model and asymmetry impacts on the GDP per capita from those determinants were econometrically examined by NARDL model.The empirical observations showed that GDP per capita is positively related with income inequality and human development index or inversely related with wealth inequality and unemployment rate in which cointegrating relation is convergent and significant.ARDL estimate implies that GDP per capita is positively related with income inequality of current period,inversely related with wealth inequality,human development index and unemployment rate in previous periods.The model is stable without serial correlation and heteroscedasticity problems.Asymmetry impacts from income inequality,human development and unemployment rate were visible while symmetry impacts from wealth inequality was seen in NARDL model during 1990-2025.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: GDP per capita, income inequality, wealth inequality, human development index, unemployment rate, asymmetry, cumulative dynamic multiplier, positive changes, negative changes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Debesh Bhowmik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Debesh Bhowmik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 64
doi: 10.57067/

The Ecosystem of the Western Ghats: A Study in the Context of India's Environmental and National Security
type: item
description: <span style="color: #0f1115; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The Western Ghats mountain range, aligned parallel to India's western coast, is one of the richest regions in the world. This region is not only a significant reservoir of natural resources but is also crucial for the balance of water, life, climate, biodiversity, and ecological stability. Currently, due to increasing human activities, industrialization, mining, deforestation, urbanization, climate change, and other factors, the ecosystem of the Western Ghats has become endangered.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecosystem, India's Environmental and National Security, Ecological Balance, Deforestation, Hydroelectric Projects and Dams.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Akhand Pratap Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 141
ending page: 145
doi: 10.57067/

October
type: item
description: This poem talks about the paradoxical nature of October, a time of transition in the year where summer is yielding place to winter. Then it further connects its characteristics of human nature, which is a mix of contradictory emotions at one time.
subject: Poetry
  topic: section
subject: October, paradox, mist, morning
  topic: keywords
creator: Ritu Devi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ritu Devi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 1
doi: 10.57067/

Modern Social Change and the Mindset of Highly Educated Women: A Sociological Study of Buxar District, Bihar
type: item
description: The present research paper presents a sociological analysis of the mindset of highly educated women (postgraduates, professional degree holders, and Ph.D. scholars) in the selected blocks of Buxar district, Bihar, namely Buxar, Chausa, and Rajpur. The study examines their mental and psychological condition in the context of modern social transformation, including the expansion of education, media freedom, growing awareness of gender equality, and the persistence of traditional patriarchal norms. Based on a mixed-method approach involving surveys and semi-structured interviews, the study includes 200 highly educated women. The findings reveal that despite outward empowerment, most women internally experience “marginal consciousness” and “dialectical tension.” Family expectations, career balance, security-related concerns, and lack of social capital significantly affect their mental health and self-perception.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Modernization, Highly Educated Women, Mindset, Social Change, Buxar District, Patriarchy, Mental Health.
  topic: keywords
creator: Kunwar Bhim Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 153
ending page: 156
doi: 10.57067/

Inflation Targeting in India: A Decadal Study
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Rising prices have been prime focus of money management since 2016 in India. Central bank's target: keep consumer inflation close to 4 percent +/- 2 points. Initial numbers were good - quiet markets, stable numbers. But then there was 2020 and the year shook things up – pandemic waves, broken supply chains, and oil cost fluctuations. As it all happened, doubts arose as to whether the system could live up to the expectations. In this study, the success of this price goal is examined from 2016 to 2025. Sources of information include official records, previous reports and published information - not new surveys. The first was to establish confidence, the second to withstand storms beyond borders and the third to uncover deep-rooted flaws. Rain-fed farms don't have a one size fits all formula, factories are not scaled up and wages are insufficient. Rules are important - but also the realities, such as the informal sector, the weight of the food in baskets, and unexpected crop failures. The model had logic. Life outside models? Less predictable. Surprisingly, setting clear inflation goals seems to have boosted trust in central bank actions while taming wild price swings. Still, rising food costs keep causing trouble, on top of delayed effects across markets and repeated disruptions from production issues. Oddly enough, one way forward might be adjusting policies to better fit local economic realities instead of sticking strictly to standard models.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inflation Targeting, Monetary Policy, RBI, Monetary Policy Committee, India, Post-Pandemic Economy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Vishwa Manavadaria
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 134
ending page: 140
doi: 10.57067/

A Review of Daniel Ndukwu's Understanding Prayer Without Error
type: item
description: Understanding Prayer Without Error is the first published book of Reverend Daniel Ndukwu - a young, dedicated and focused servant of God in the Diocese of Niger Delta of the Anglican Communion. The book reveals the author as a man with a divine capacity to impact a generation in dire need, as well as a passionate believer in the transforming power of prayer and on the assertion that what bullets are in the hands of a soldier prayer is in the hands of a believer. This also calls to mind the discerning aphorism credited to John Stephen Pipper - an American Reformed Baptist Pastor and Chancellor of Bethlehem College and Seminary who stated that "Until you know that life is war, you cannot know what prayer is for."
subject: Review
  topic: section
creator: Onyeka Ike
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Onyeka Ike (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.57067/

Beyond Representation: Ambedkar on Caste and the Question of Social Transformation
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This research paper aims to revisit B. R. Ambedkar's socio-political philosophy by exploring the interplay between caste and contemporary social transformation. It argues that Ambedkar's critique of democracy is incomplete if representation is seen as the end rather than a means to dismantle the caste system. This study addresses three major issues. First, it critically analyses how caste remains a structuring force in democratic life and impacts access to voices, recognition, and institutional power. Second, it demonstrates that representational limits can be traced in identity politics; symbolic inclusion is realized, but it does not result in the emancipation of the marginalized groups. Third, it establishes the concept of fraternity as one of the foundations when developing the foundation of freedom and equality in Indian democracy. In this context, fraternity stands out as the most conclusive idea of Indian democracy. This paper argues that Ambedkar does not just offer a theory of representation but also a critical approach towards social change wherein the term fraternity is critical to give democracy a social aspect that would make it morally sound.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Caste, Social Transformation, Identity Politics, Freedom of Speech, Public Sphere, Fraternity, Indian Democracy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Pankaj Srivastava
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 117
ending page: 133
doi: 10.57067/

Social Dogmas Embedded in the Standpoint to Hamper Approbation of Feminism in the Human Being as Reflected in Behind the Veil by Rashid Jahan
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Feminism is the concept that lays the foundation of society. Understanding feminism in true sense is the precondition to sustain it and to sustain feminism is the most vital requisite to build a strong society. After understanding feminism, we can observe that it is violated at different levels. What blurs the understanding of feminism is the custom we follow, and the dogmas we accept incontrovertibly. When we don’t analyze and evaluate dogmas and are completely immersed in those, they tend to lead us towards the harm of humanity; not always but most of the times. Feminism is attacked the most brutally by the dogmas which are built to support patriarchy or male dominance. This picture of society engrossed by the dogmas is reflected at many places in literature. Behind the Veil, originally written in Urdu with the title ‘Parde ke Peeche’, by Rashid Jahan is one of the best example of diminished feminism due to the mist of dogmas. It reveals how feminism is brutally tormented, as everybody seems to be completely engrossed by social dogmas. The present paper attempts a discussion on how feminism is hampered at different levels during this powerful One-Act play- Behind the Veil.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feminism, Patriarchy, dogmas, male dominance, humanity
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sonal Shukla
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 108
ending page: 116
doi: 10.57067/

When Light is Imprisoned
type: item
description: This poem portrays the struggle of a radiant, truthful force symbolized by the sun, trapped in a suffocating, dark environment. Despite being surrounded by oppressive shadows and forced into isolation, it continues to distribute light with honesty and resilience. The darkness represents hostile forces that appear companionable yet inherently destructive. In such conditions, the poem suggests that persistent resistance—even through painful संघर्ष—is preferable to surrender or self-destruction. The act of colliding with barriers becomes a metaphor for survival and defiance. Though misunderstood by others as self-harm, this struggle preserves fragments of light, hope, and identity for the future, ensuring that existence and purpose are not entirely extinguished.
subject: Poetry
  topic: section
creator: Agnij Upmanyu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.57067/

Paradigmatic Shifts in the Dynamics of Success: Aggressive Marketing Through Digital Culture
type: item
description: This essay examines the emergence of a new ideology shaped by digital culture, where influence, visibility, and success are increasingly driven by aggressive marketing and sensationalism. It argues that excessive emphasis on ritualistic religiosity and superficial narratives has diverted attention from innovation, critical thinking, and human potential, particularly among youth. Digital platforms, while enabling rapid information exchange, have also facilitated the spread of misinformation, propaganda, and emotionally manipulative content, disrupting social harmony and rational discourse. The rise of influencers and controversy-driven engagement reflects a shift from value-based achievement to visibility-based success. The essay further highlights the role of digital technology in enabling surveillance, control, and commercialization, contributing to cyber-crime and ethical decline. It calls for responsible and informed use of technology, emphasizing the need for digital literacy, critical awareness, and a reorientation toward constructive, ethical, and progressive engagement in an increasingly digitized world.
subject: Essay
  topic: section
creator: Prof. R. K. Bhushan Sabharwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.57067/

A Comparative Study of the Educational Attitudes of Students Studying at the Secondary Level in Government and Private Schools
type: item
description: The present study, titled “A Comparative Study of the Educational Attitudes of Students Studying at the Secondary Level in Government and Private Schools,” focuses on analyzing the educational attitudes of students at the secondary level. The secondary stage is considered a transitional phase in a student’s life, during which their thinking, personality, goal-setting, and educational outlook are shaped. The educational attitude developed at this stage significantly influences students’ academic achievement, discipline, self-motivation, and future educational and career decisions. The primary objective of this study is to compare the educational attitudes of male and female students studying in government and private secondary schools, and to determine whether any significant difference exists between the two groups. The study adopts the survey method for data collection. A total sample of 200 students (100 from government schools and 100 from private schools) from the Bijnor district was selected through random sampling, ensuring equal representation of both types of schools. The research tool used was a self-constructed educational attitude questionnaire developed by the researcher. This instrument assessed the cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of students’ attitudes toward education, school, teachers, curriculum, examinations, and the learning process. The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and critical ratio. Under the first hypothesis, the educational attitudes of male students were compared between government and private schools, revealing a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Similarly, under the second hypothesis, the analysis of female students also indicated a significant difference, as the obtained values exceeded the level of significance. The findings of the study clearly indicate that students (both boys and girls) studying in private schools at the secondary level exhibit more positive educa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Secondary Level
  topic: keywords
subject: Government and Private Schools
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Attitudes of Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. Bimla Singh
creator: Pooja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 91
ending page: 97
doi: 10.57067/

Reading Gender through the Lens of Law: The Case of Phulmonee Dasi and Rukmabai
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This article discusses the impact of the Act of Consent Laws on the women of the nineteenth century. I have discussed the laws pertaining to women in the late nineteenth century. I discuss the Age of Consent law, which dragged on for many years as modernists and traditionalists were divided in their opinion on raising the age of consent from ten to twelve for girls for the consummation of marriage. Other laws regarding child marriage, property laws, the right for widows to remarry, infant mortality, and patrilocality laws are also discussed. I have also taken two case studies of Rukhamaibai, who was a child bride who refused to consummate her marriage and Phulmonee Dasi, a child bride married to Hari Mohan Maitee, who raped her. To both goes the credit of starting a discourse on the age of consent.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feminine Sensibility, mythology, culture, tradition, Letters.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Lizy Thomas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 70
ending page: 78
doi: 10.57067/ir.v3.i4.568

Changing Nature of Youth Nationalism in Contemporary India
type: item
description: *]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:bc929a24-16bb-4493-9c96-42e0579ff333-1" data-testid="conversation-turn-4" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"> This research paper presents an analysis of the evolving concept of contemporary Indian youth and its interrelationship with nationalism. It highlights that the identity of youth today is not merely defined by age, but by energy, creativity, efficiency, and a transformative vision. In the context of globalization, digital media, and social pressures, the youth is caught in a dual process—striving to establish a global identity while simultaneously attempting to remain connected to cultural roots and traditions. The study reveals that contemporary youth, in their effort to balance modernity and tradition, often experience psychological, social, and ideological conflicts. Despite these challenges, their dynamism, innovation, and active participation in socio-political spheres play a crucial role in nation-building. Furthermore, the growing inclination toward self-reliance, the rise of startup culture, and increased social awareness are contributing new dimensions to nationalism. At the same time, issues such as indiscipline, the desire for instant success, excessive Western influence, and neglect of health pose serious challenges. Through its research questions, the study concludes that youth cannot be confined to an age-based definition; they are navigating the tensions between modernity and tradition, actively shaping nationalism, and, despite partial detachment, attempting to reconnect with their cultural roots. However, challenges related to discipline and mental balance continue to hinder their holistic d…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Contemporary Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Nationalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Modernity vs Tradition
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Reliance
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Awareness
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Meena Rathore
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 62
ending page: 69
doi: 10.57067/

Poverty in Academic Institutions: An Analysis of Structural Deficits, Sociological Implications and Reform Pathways in The Indian Context
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This paper conducts a deep analytical study of poverty, as it takes place in and through Indian educational institutions. Employing an interdisciplinary approach that synthesises sociological, educational economic and public policy analysis, the research analyses the role of structural resource allocation, pedagogic, and governance shortfalls in reproducing socioeconomic inequality for students, teachers, and employees. The study synthesises insights from the All-India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) publications and district-level educational audits to map critical structural deficiencies. The paper also considers the sociological consequences of poverty - such as the perpetuation of caste-based hierarchy, gender inequity, and rural-urban educational inequality. Using a critical approach that builds on Pierre Bourdieu's cultural capital theory, Paulo Freire's pedagogy of the oppressed, and Amartya Sen's capability analysis, the paper diagnoses the problem and suggests a multi-faceted reform agenda. The research points to the fact that poverty in Indian education is systemic, requiring structural reforms in finance, governance, curriculum, and social policy. Reforms include participatory budgeting, recasting of need-based scholarships, democratising of digital technologies, and accountability measures based on equity indicators.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Poverty, higher education, structural deficiencies, social inequality, India, education policy, Bourdieu, capability approach, caste, equity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Arun Kumar Verma
creator: Dr. Charcha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 46
ending page: 56
doi: 10.57067/ir.v3.i4.565

Queer Congruity and Emotional Verisimilitude in Boys Don't Cry
type: item
description: This paper examines several deep and powerful themes, predominantly centred around gender identity, detestation for transgender people, societal dogmatism, inclination, ferocity. The film Boys Don’t Cry explores all the compelling themes through Brandon Teena’s and Lana Tisdel’s cognitive and emotional effects as a consequence of loathe and incomprehension wretched metaphorically represented here. Beyond specific accounts, the story serves as an imitation to raise consciousness of the omnipresent problem in the society. This research paper also accentuates paramount missive to the society like approbation concession transgender identities, catastrophic embodiment of laddishness, endearment should not be provisory, call for magnanimity and humanization. The research paper delves into Brandon’s swedge to inhabit veritably aggressive environment, his forage for endearment, affirmation and the callous repercussion he faces after his identity is divulged. Through a vehemently puissant narrative, Hilary Swank delivers an Academy Award-winning performance that enlightens Brandon’s anecdote and brings attention to the real-life precariousness faced by transgender individuals. Boys Don’t Cry serves as both a panegyric to Brandon’s intrepidity and a cynical rebuke of a society that malfunctions to inoculate its most impuissant.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gender Inequality, Gender Norms, Societal norms
  topic: keywords
creator: Rawal Kharat
creator: Rohan Joshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rawal Kharat, Rohan Joshi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 86
ending page: 90
doi: 10.57067/

The Zen Essence in Only Yesterday by Studio Ghibli
type: item
description: Only Yesterday is one of the most meditative films made by Studio Ghibli. Unlike many animated stories which tend to focus on dramatic conflict, sensationalism, and action, Only Yesterday relies on introspection, internal conflict, and contemplation to reveal its story. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the film using the perspective of Zen Buddhism. In particular, the paper focuses on how Only Yesterday's themes and motifs are compatible with major tenets of Zen Buddhism. This paper will consider how mindfulness of ordinary life moments is expressed in the film; how the theme of impermanence is explored through memory and the transition between different times in one's life; and how non-attachment to one's identity is depicted. In addition, the paper will examine how silence, pauses, and emptiness function in the film as expressions associated with ma, which is an important element in Zen aesthetics. Finally, it will explore the film's portrayal of the protagonist as someone who accepts her current circumstances and is aware of herself as part of the world around her, as opposed to someone trying to change the circumstances to better suit her needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Japanese
  topic: keywords
subject: Zen
  topic: keywords
subject: Buddhism
  topic: keywords
subject: Studio ghibli
  topic: keywords
subject: anime
  topic: keywords
subject: movie
  topic: keywords
subject: japanese philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: japanese literature
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Akshay Gururani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Akshay Gururani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 79
ending page: 85
doi: 10.57067/

Representing Death in Song-poems: The Example of Robert Ebizimor's Popular Music
type: item
description: This paper examines how death is designated among the Izọn people in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, in their popular music. The motivation is that there have been no significant attempts by scholars to investigate the music from this consideration to bring fresh perspective to the discourse of death as a literary theme. The paper analyses moral and religious ideas build around death, in order to highlight their contribution to the thematic import of the music. The paper uses the qualitative method to analyse the lyrics/song poems extracted from two music tracks by Robert Ebizimor. This is enhanced by the sociological functionalist theory which seeks to interpret the roles of cultural practices and activities carried-out by a society. The paper concentrates on death at ripe time, arguing that death is valued and celebrated, in terms of longevity and the usefulness of life lived. These aspects are thoughtfully linked with the moral and religious significance of an individual’s death. Conclusively, the paper reiterates that death is a necessary end, which offers the living rare moments for moral and religious edification, to better the society; a reason death continues to feature as a powerful and relevant literary theme.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: death, Izọn people, popular music, theme, song-poems, Robert Ebizimor, moral ideas, religious ideas.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ebiketonmor Opomu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ebiketonmor Opomu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 34
ending page: 45
doi: 10.57067/

Identity and Agency in Edna and Umaro as Foils or Twins
type: item
description: The paper probes into the themes of identity and agency in Edna from The Awakening and Umrao from Umrao Jan Ada, highlighting their similarities and contrasts within late nineteenth-century patriarchal societies. It explores how Edna’s privileged but dependent being curtails her autonomy, resulting in only a partial awakening, while on the other hand Umrao’s marginalised existence as a courtesan grants her economic independence and greater self-awareness. The paper argues that while both women struggle against societal constraints, their responses differ significantly. Edna succumbs to isolation and self-destruction, whereas Umrao adopts reflection and resilience. It further emphasizes how class, race, and economic power shape their experiences of freedom and oppression. The comparative analysis reveals that both characters challenge conventional gender roles, yet ultimately become foils in their choices and destinies. The study concludes that true agency is also tied to economic independence and self-realization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agency, Identity, Privileged existence, Transgression, Discrimination.
  topic: keywords
creator: Apoorva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Apoorva (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 98
ending page: 107
doi: 10.57067/ir.v3.i4.558

A Study of Computational Semantics in the Interpretation of Poems
type: item
description: This study justifies the need for the application of computational semantics in the interpretation of poems. Computational semantics is a discipline of natural language expressions of how to model, represent, and reason with them. Computational semantics is a cross-disciplinary study that draws on linguistics, logic, computer science, and artificial intelligence. However, for the purpose of this study, this study concern will be limited to the use of WordNet in the interpretation of poems. WordNet is a Semantic tool that uses a large database of English, where nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are grouped into sets of cognitive synonyms (synsets), each expressing a distinct concept. Synsets are interlinked by means of conceptual semantics and lexical relations, which results in network of meaningfully related words and concepts that can be navigated with the browser. Consequently, this tool is used in the analysis and interpretation of the poems; “Crossing the Bar”, by Alfred Lord Tennyson and “The Pulley” by George Herbert. Both poems are metaphysical in nature, and metaphysical poems are known for their intriguing cognitive dimensions which usually poses interpretative challenge to an average reader. Basically because, metaphysical poems are characterized by metaphysical wits and conceits. Subsequently, this study is anchored on the E-Learning Theory, which emphasizes how technologies can be used and designed to create new learning opportunities and to promote effective learning. Finally, the study discovers that the application of WordNet in the interpretation of these poems enhanced a better understanding of the poems because the tool (WordNet), simplified the mystical undertone associated with the poems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: computation, poems, semantics
  topic: keywords
creator: Anthony James
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anthony James (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 33
doi: 10.57067/

Impact of Shifting Habitats on Migratory Bird Populations: An Evaluation
type: item
description: World migration is a normal activity in the world of birds. Generally, Birds migrate in a year sometimes they migrate twice a year. Birds migrate to one area to another area. They migrate one area to other area for breeding and climate purpose and many more regions. Normally the time of migrations seems to be controlled by chance and day length. A lot of migrate birds using Sun and Stars for their navigating. Iin those days the pattern of migrating birds is changing because they are facing several problems just like pollutions, weather change, climate change etc. Mostly the shifting of habitat is causes of climate change. Due to date the migrate species are facing too much risk.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Navigate, migrate climate change, weather change, shifting of habitat, migrate species, Fragmentation, breeding area, wintering sites, wetlands, Risks of Collision, loss connectivity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sushil Kumar Yadav
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 149
ending page: 152
doi: 10.57067/

Suitable Conditions for Freshwater Fish in India and Their Evaluation
type: item
description: The significant food component of Indian is fish and fish related aquaculture. In our country India a fish and aquaculture production is in good condition face is a major food part of Indian people. This area has in current times approximately 2 million people involved and thus it is quite a prominent and important area of Indian food. India has near out 7% of fish production of whole world and contributes 1.2% in GDP of India. During these times this industry is experiencing numerous issues because of over pollution and over production. Here a wide analysis for these problems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fish disease, opportunistic pathogens, aquaculture production, elaborated, stocking density.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sushil Kumar Yadav
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-10-30
publication date: 2024-10-30
starting page: 218
ending page: 224
doi: 10.57067/

Decoding Kantian Concept of Freedom
type: item
description: Man not only values that which simply satisfies a desire but also has the capacity to evaluate choices in terms of their ability in promoting a good life. Kant argued that rational beings are ends in themselves not because they have reason but because they have freedom. According to Kant, it is not wild liberty but pure, rational concept of moral autonomy that enables a human being to access the universal, unconditional, universalisable supreme principle of morality.i.e to be able to choose one's maxims of action which perfectly tune with law of duty. He recognises himself as a self-legislator rather than just being blindly governed by external compulsion. Kant considered freedom as the highest value in man's life which attributes moral self or dignity to a sentient being.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Maxims, freedom of choice,moral autonomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Maitreyee Mukherjee
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Maitreyee Mukherjee (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 57
ending page: 61
doi: 10.57067/

Religion, Tourism and Development
type: item
description: The paper endeavours to explain the association between religion,tourism and development by presenting eleven case studies of religious sites in India and around the world which showed the facts of increasing number of tourists in all religious places and the religious authorities ,local government ,state government and national tourism ministry have done enough investment expenditure on religious place centric development which are sustainable in context of community development,preservation of socio-cultural heritage,increasing communications,infrastructure,business and employment including regional development.Growth-led religious tourism spread the religious education,spiritual upliftment,international cooperation and national integrity and increased government revenues.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: religion, religious tourism, development, religious sites, temple centric development expenditure
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Debesh Bhowmik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Debesh Bhowmik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 24
doi: 10.57067/

A Review of I. A. Charles’ It is Never Late
type: item
description: The book It Is Never Late is a one hundred and eight page motivational and inspirational debut of Pastor I. A. Charles, the Senior Pastor of God's Power Dominion Ministries International Located at INEC Road, Kpansia, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The gospel minister is a mechanical engineer transformed to an ebullient, passionate, dutiful and result-oriented messenger of God. It was published in 2014 by Eagles Publishing House of the same INEC Road, Kpansia, Yenagoa. The imagery and artistry of the front cover portray an elegant time piece strategically positioned as it indicates a definite time. It is a prompt reminder of the concept of time which is divine and eternal.
subject: Review
  topic: section
creator: Onyeka Ike
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Onyeka Ike (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.57067/

Effect of Climatic Changes on Aquatic Fauna of District Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
type: item
description: District Shahjahanpur, situated in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, is drained by the Garha, Khannaut, Deoha, Kali Nadi, and Kathna rivers, along with numerous seasonal streams, oxbow lakes, and ponds. These aquatic ecosystems harbour rich freshwater biodiversity including ichthyofauna, amphibians, molluscs, and crustaceans. The present study (2020–2024) investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the aquatic fauna of the district through field surveys, water quality monitoring, hydrological records, and socio-ecological interviews. Results indicate a mean annual temperature rise of 1.4°C over two decades, a 27% reduction in mean annual river discharge of the Garha River, a threefold increase in dry-bed days per year, and dissolved oxygen decline of 25% during the pre-monsoon period. These changes correlate with significant population declines (38–62%) in ecologically sensitive species including Tor tor (mahseer), Mystus seenghala, and Bagarius bagarius. Breeding phenology shifts, thermal kill events, and habitat fragmentation are documented as key mechanisms of impact. Conservation recommendations are provided including minimum environmental flow mandates, riparian buffer restoration, seasonal fishing bans, and wetland protection under the Wetlands Rules, 2017.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change, Aquatic fauna, Shahjahanpur, Ichthyofauna, Rohilkhand, Freshwater biodiversity
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.Mohd. Shoeb and Dr. Anil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 86
ending page: 94
doi: 10.57067/ir.v3.i3.549