Integral Research
type: channel
description: Integral Research (ISSN:3048-5991) (CODEN:IRABCA) serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse disciplines to come together and explore the intersections between their respective fields. From the natural sciences to the social sciences, from humanities to technology, we aim to foster dialogue and exchange of ideas that transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries. Our journal encompasses a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: Sustainability and environmental studies Health and well-being Socio-economic development Cultural studies and diversity Technology and innovation Education and pedagogy Philosophy and ethics Arts and literature Integral Research seeks to publish high-quality original research, reviews, and theoretical perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex issues facing our world today. By bringing together insights from multiple disciplines, we strive to provide innovative approaches and novel solutions to the pressing challenges of our time. We invite researchers and scholars from all backgrounds to join us on this intellectual journey of exploration and discovery. Together, let us embark on a quest to integrate knowledge, transcend disciplinary boundaries, and advance the frontiers of human understanding. Journal indexing in some prominent directories and databases. GEORGIAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EuroPub Directory of Academic And Scientific Journals SJIF SPI-Hub IPIndexing KindCongress Cosmos ResearchBib RJIF ROOTINDEXING Crossref
publisher: (SAFE), Society For Academic Facilitation and Extension (Regd.) Address: 53, Karamchari Nagar, Bareilly 243112 (UP) India Email: safeindiaweb@gmail.com Website:https://safeindia.org.in/index.php/integral-research/
language: en
publication name: Integral Research
issn: 3048-5991
items: Indian Handicrafts: Art, Culture, Social Structure, and Economy
items: Mapping the Local: Literary Micro-Geographies of Amit Chaudhuri
items: Assessing the Role of Emerging Contaminants in the River Varuna: Implications for Water Quality Ecosystems and Public Health
items: Sadak, Bollywood Movie, Directed by Mahesh Bhatt
items: Academic and Research Writing: Principles, Ethics and Contemporary Practices in Scholarly Communication
items: An Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Literacy Differentials and Gender Imbalance in Chitrakoot District, Uttar Pradesh, India
items: Issues of Dance Training in Nigeria: A Comparative Study of The Performing Arts Department, Unilorin, and Crown Troupe of Africa
items: Effect of Cooperative Learning and Peer Teaching Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement of Geometrical Concepts in Mathematics
items: Financial Rewards as correlate Job Satisfaction of Business Educators in Colleges of Education in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria
items: Migration From Nigeria: Exaggerated Ideas Versus Harsh Realities
items: An Assessment of the Impact of Insurance Investment on Nigeria’s Economic Growth
items: The Ego and the Shadow: A Psychoanalytic Study of Frodo Baggins in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Fellowship of the Ring
items: AI Powered Performance Monitoring Device: Design, Functionality, and Applications
items: The Narrative Techniques of Disruption and Defragmentation in Toni Morrison’s Novels
items: Senior Secondary School Teachers and Students’ Perceptions on The Teaching and Learning of English Language Grammar in Ogun State, Nigeria
items: Assessing the Sustainable Viability by Financial Metrics: based on Evaluation of Cooperative Society Performance on the basis of Pearls
items: Austen's Sense and Sensibility: Depiction of Social Reality
items: Role of Teacher Education Institutions in Promoting Inclusive and Sustainable Values
items: The Art and Science of Metabolic Syndrome :A Natralistic Approach
items: A Review of "the Making of the Second Igwe of Uhueze-Nenwe Autonomous Community."
items: Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting in India
items: Sustainable Green Initiatives and Practices in Academic Libraries: A Case Study of The Pgim Library
items: Diasporas of Gods, Forgotten Histories, and Cultural Identity: Religion, Power, and Resistance in Postcolonial Manipur
items: A Comprehensive Review on Referencing and Citation Practices in Academic Research
items: Reimagining the Social Novel: From Gunahon Ka Devta to Milan and Chetna
items: GLO Data Packages and their influence on University of Africa, Toru-Orua (UAT), Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Students’ Access to Information for Academic Purpose
items: Jorasanko Thakur Bari: The Tragedy of Women’s Lives Beneath the Veil of Grandeur
items: Revisiting Ecocriticism and “Cli-Fi”: Reading Climate Change through Literature
items: Religion and Hypocrisy in the Political Lyrics of Eedris Abdulkareem
items: Sustainable Digital Workflows in Theatre Production Design: A Framework for Eco-Scenography and Life Cycle Optimization in Nigeria

Indian Handicrafts: Art, Culture, Social Structure, and Economy
type: item
description: Indian civilization is distinguished by its rich cultural traditions, artistic expressions, and labour-based systems of production. Among these traditions, Indian handicrafts occupy a position of great significance. Handicrafts are not merely a process of producing objects; they represent the tangible form of a society’s cultural consciousness, historical memory, and economic life. For centuries, the Indian handicraft industry has served as a foundation for livelihoods in both rural and urban communities, and even today this sector provides direct and indirect employment to millions of people. The nature of the handicraft industry is primarily labour-intensive, involving the integrated use of traditional knowledge, local skills, and natural resources. Unlike modern industrial production systems, handicrafts preserve human creativity and cultural identity. From this perspective, the handicraft industry is not only an economic activity but also a carrier of social and cultural heritage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Handicrafts Culture Traditional Techniques Labour-Intensive Industry Employment-Oriented / Employment-Generating Cultural Heritage
  topic: keywords
creator: Archana Garg
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 152
ending page: 156
doi: 10.57067/

Mapping the Local: Literary Micro-Geographies of Amit Chaudhuri
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">The paper is a critical exploration of the concept and the application of the idea of local tints in the works of a modern Indian writer, Amit Chaudhuri. Leaving behind the postcolonial grand narrative that has dominated readings of Indian English fiction since the start of the twentieth century, the paper holds that the phenomenology of the local is central to Chaudhuri; the specific textures, sounds, atmospheres, and mundane details of place, with Calcutta (Kolkata), its native, giving the novelist primary focus, and Bombay (Mumbai) and provincial towns receiving secondary focus. Through a critical examination of his major novels, viz., the title chapters of his works, which are a strange and sublime address, afternoon raag, freedom song and the immortals, the analysis illustrates the ways in which an aesthetic by Chaudhuri makes the minor, the transient and the senses visible. It argues that his local tints are not, however, merely decorative, but represent a radical form of attention, which opposes monumental history, national allegory, and the typical elements of the Indian novel in English, to provide a different ontology of the everyday where the local is a place of silent but significant epistemological and aesthetic revelation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Amit Chaudhuri; Local Tints; Everyday; Postcolonial Minimalism; Calcutta- Kolkata; Indian English Fiction.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Uma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 105
ending page: 110
doi: 10.57067/

Assessing the Role of Emerging Contaminants in the River Varuna: Implications for Water Quality Ecosystems and Public Health
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Emerging contaminants are a class of chemicals and biological agents that are not yet subject to routine environmental monitoring or regulatory standards but are increasingly detected in environmental media and are of concern due to their potential ecological and human health impacts. Emerging contaminants (ECs) including pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, and industrial chemicals are increasingly detected in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. While extensive research has documented ECs in the River Ganga and its major tributaries, there is a knowledge gap regarding their occurrence and ecological significance in smaller urban tributaries such as the Varuna River in Varanasi, India. This study synthesizes existing water quality data, regional emerging contaminant research, and urban pollution dynamics to evaluate how ECs may impact the Varuna’s water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. The findings highlight chronic pollution from untreated sewage and insufficient wastewater infrastructure, which are likely facilitating the transport and persistence of ECs in this urban waterway. The paper concludes with recommendations for targeted monitoring, risk assessment, and management strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Emerging contaminants, Pharmaceuticals, Industrial waste, human health impacts
  topic: keywords
creator: Anuj Kumar Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 147
ending page: 151
doi: 10.57067/

Sadak, Bollywood Movie, Directed by Mahesh Bhatt
type: item
description: Sadak, Bollywood Movie, Directed by Mahesh Bhatt, Vishesh Films, Language-Hindi, Running Time 134 Minutes
subject: Review
  topic: section
creator: Vijay Songire
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.57067/

Academic and Research Writing: Principles, Ethics and Contemporary Practices in Scholarly Communication
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Academic and research writing constitutes the foundation of scholarly communication and knowledge dissemination in higher education and professional research environments. It requires logical organization, clarity of expression, critical engagement with existing literature, and adherence to ethical and disciplinary conventions. This manuscript presents a comprehensive and integrated account of academic and research writing, encompassing its conceptual foundations, importance, defining characteristics, fundamental rules, structural organization, literature review practices, ethical considerations, plagiarism prevention, publication processes, technological influences, pedagogical approaches, global perspectives, interdisciplinary applications, scholarly impact, and emerging trends. The objective is to equip students, researchers, and academicians with a coherent framework for producing credible, original, and impactful scholarly work.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Academic writing; Research writing; Scholarly communication; Research ethics; Literature review; Plagiarism prevention.
  topic: keywords
creator: N.S Solanki
creator: P. S. Chundawat
creator: Deepak Marothia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.57067/

An Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Literacy Differentials and Gender Imbalance in Chitrakoot District, Uttar Pradesh, India
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Literacy and sex ratio are the ideal reference to socio-economic development and gender equity. The question under scrutiny in this research is; Which are the spatio-temporal relations of the differentials of literacy and gender imbalance in Chitrakoot District, Uttar Pradesh using block-level census data in 2001 and 2011. Among the research agenda was systematic evaluation of the general literacy trends, the disparity in male and female literacy, block-sex-ratio trends and how literacy and sex ratio are correlated. Decadal change analysis and gender-gap scrutiny of the secondary data based on the District Census Handbooks were analyzed with the help of GTS-based thematic mapping. The rank correlation coefficient of Spearman was used to examine the relationship between literacy and sex-ratio. The results reveal significant inequalities in the patterns of literacy and sex-ratio, and not evenly spread out administrative blocks. Although the female literacy levels increased, and the gender differences did too, the correlation between literacy and the sex ratio remained insignificant which explains why the specific, block-oriented measures should be taken to ensure the promotion of inclusive and gender-balanced development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spatio-temporal analysis, Literacy Differentials, Gender imbalance, Decadal Growth Rate, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Swati Yadav
creator: Dr. Prashant Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 126
ending page: 135
doi: 10.57067/

Issues of Dance Training in Nigeria: A Comparative Study of The Performing Arts Department, Unilorin, and Crown Troupe of Africa
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Dance training in Nigeria reflects diverse philosophies shaped by institutional frameworks and cultural practices. This comparative study examines the Performing Arts Department of the University of Ilorin (Unilorin) and the Crown Troupe of Africa, two prominent centers of dance education and performance. While Unilorin adopts a structured academic model encapsulated in the code of TPR—Theory, Practice, and Research, Crown Troupe of Africa emphasizes a community-driven approach defined by TTT—Talent, Time, and Target. Through qualitative analysis of training methods, curricula, and performance outcomes, the study highlights the strengths and challenges inherent in both systems. The TPR model fosters intellectual rigor, technical mastery, and scholarly inquiry, positioning dance as both an art and an academic discipline. Conversely, the TTT framework prioritizes creativity, experiential learning, and goal-oriented practice, nurturing performers who are deeply connected to cultural identity and social engagement. Findings reveal that while TPR ensures professionalization and sustainability within formal education, TTT cultivates adaptability, innovation, and grassroots relevance. The paper argues that integrating elements of both codes could enrich dance pedagogy in Nigeria, bridging the gap between academic scholarship and community artistry. Ultimately, this comparative study underscores the need for hybrid models that balance theory with creativity, research with cultural ex…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dance training in Nigeria, Performing Arts education, TPR, TTT, Comparative pedagogy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Olúsànyà David Aye̩ni
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 105
ending page: 114
doi: 10.57067/

Effect of Cooperative Learning and Peer Teaching Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement of Geometrical Concepts in Mathematics
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The study investigated the effect of the cooperative learning and the peer teaching strategies on students’ academic achievement of geometrical concepts in Mathematics in senior secondary schools in Delta State of Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to guide the study and three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The pretest posttest control quasi experimental research design was employed in this study. The population of the study was two thousand nine hundred and fifty-four (2 954) SS I students in Oshimilli North Local Government Area of Delta State. The sample consisted of 289 SS1 students which is a 10% representation of the population. They were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. Three (3) public and three (3) private schools were selected and their intact classes used. The control group was made up of two intact classes of 105 students. The experimental group 1 (cooperative learning strategy) had 91 students in two intact classes while experimental group 2 (peer teaching strategy) had 93 students in two intact classes. The instrument used for data collection was a Geometry Achievement Test (GAT). The reliability of GAT was established using Kudder-Richardson formula 20 which yielded a coefficient of internal consistency of 0.79. Data were collected by administering the GAT as the pretest and the posttest. The data obtained were analyzed using mean. Standard deviation and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic achievement, Cooperative learning and Peer teaching strategies.
  topic: keywords
creator: Believe Igbunu Akpobroka
creator: Prof. (Mrs) Lucy Eraikhuemen
creator: Prof. Festus Osadebamwen Idehen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 73
ending page: 87
doi: 10.57067/

Financial Rewards as correlate Job Satisfaction of Business Educators in Colleges of Education in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The study examined financial and rewards as correlates of business educators’ job satisfaction in colleges of education in Edo and Delta States. To guide this study, three research questions were raised while three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The correlational research design was employed in the study. The population was made up of 121 business educators in colleges of education in Edo and Delta States. The entire population of 121 was used for the study. The research instrument that was used to collect data for this study was a questionnaire titled “Financial Rewards Assessment Questionnaire” (FRAQ), it has two sections. Section A consists of personal data of business educators such as sex, working experience and marital status, while section B consists of 21 items divided into 3 clusters to measure financial rewards on job satisfaction. The research instruments were face and content validated by three experts. Cronbach Alpha statistics was used to ascertain the internal consistency of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained. For data collection, the questionnaire was administered by the researcher with the help of five research assistants. Pearson product moment correlation co-efficient was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that financial rewards significantly influence job satisfaction of Business Educators in Colleges of Education in Edo and Delta Sta…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financial rewards, job satisfaction, business educators, colleges of education.
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Chukwudi Emefiele
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 62
ending page: 72
doi: 10.57067/

Migration From Nigeria: Exaggerated Ideas Versus Harsh Realities
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The commercialisation of social media views and clicks has generated a new breed of armchair journalists, content creators and internet advisers on any topic of interest. These people target issues of interest and claim expertise in them. While many of their claims are unverified and unverifiable, some are commonsensical and verifiable. But time and experience play special roles in the value of the information or disinformation. The recent wave of youth unemployment and the drive to ‘survive at all costs’ occasioned by the economic difficulty in Nigeria, has blindfolded some youths into believing that anywhere outside Nigeria is a greener pasture. This desperation therefore makes them pay attention to positive information about travelling without balancing the discernment by listening to the woes that could befall a traveller. On the other hand, the desire to generate internet traffic and clicks has deterred some bloggers and content creators from publishing the truth because they would suffer lack of views or positive ratings. They therefore prepare what the audience warms to. As a result, too, lots of people get involved in migrating with lofty expectations which are soon dashed on the ground, only but too late. This presentation explores some of the roles migration internet advisers, registered agents and foreign enterprises play in misleading young Nigerians. Correspondence and Coherence theories of Truth were adopted as framework, while focus group discussion design was …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social media, Migration, Unemployment, Nigerian youths, Truth.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ebelechukwu Christiana Oboshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 51
doi: 10.57067/

An Assessment of the Impact of Insurance Investment on Nigeria’s Economic Growth
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This paper is titled “An Assessment of the Impact of Insurance Investment on Nigeria’s Economic Growth". Assessing the impact of insurance investment on Nigeria's economic growth is crucial because insurance mobilizes significant long-term capital (premiums) for productive investments, facilitates risk management for businesses, promotes financial stability, and contributes to GDP, with studies showing a positive link, though its full potential is hampered by low penetration and regulatory gaps, necessitating policy focus on deepening insurance uptake for sustained growth. It Investigates the impact of insurance sector development and the Nigerian economy from 1990 to 2022. The study employed time series data sourced from CBN statistical bulletin and using ARDL model to analyze the data. The empirical results indicate that insurance investment does have a significant impact on the overall growth and development of the Nigerian economy, also insurance premium does have a significant impact on the overall growth and development of the Nigerian economy, and total insurance transaction does have a significant impact on the overall growth and development of the Nigerian economy. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made: Policymakers should encourage inclusive insurance practices through regulatory measures promoting accessibility and affordability for a broader Nigerian population, fostering competition, innovation, and consumer protection. Polic…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gross Domestic Product, Total Premiums, Total Insurance Investment, Total Transaction.
  topic: keywords
creator: Raymond Nwandu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.57067/

The Ego and the Shadow: A Psychoanalytic Study of Frodo Baggins in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Fellowship of the Ring
type: item
description: This research paper explores The Fellowship of the Ring from a psychological point of view. It focuses on Frodo Baggins and the psychological weight he bears from the beginning of the novel. Though absent in body Gollum emerges through Gandalf’s words. Gollum is less a person and more of a reflection shaped by past decay. Taken from the concept of Freud of repression and unconscious desire along with Jung’s idea of the shadow. All these are tied to the One Ring, which is interpreted as an unconscious threat that disrupts the identity and morality of Frodo. The moment the Ring is placed in Frodo’s hand, it brings unrest and fear even before he can fully understand the danger he carries. Smeagol’s transformation from a normal Hobbit to Gollum through the corruption of the Ring shows Frodo to the possibility of psychological collapse caused by being exposed to power and desire for a long time. This knowledge shapes Frodo’s unconscious fear of becoming a corrupted creature like Gollum. This makes Gollum a symbolic mirror rather than a physical companion. Focusing only on the events and the words found in The Fellowship of the Ring, this study shows Tolkien’s exploration of trauma, repression and inner conflict revealing that Frodo’s true journey begins within the mind long before it takes physical form.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo Baggins, Psychoanalysis, Unconscious desires, Psychological desires, Shadow self
  topic: keywords
creator: Judah Smith J. M
creator: Dr. D. J. B. Esther Rajathi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Judah Smith J. M, Dr. D. J. B. Esther Rajathi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 115
ending page: 120
doi: 10.57067/

AI Powered Performance Monitoring Device: Design, Functionality, and Applications
type: item
description: The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and wearable technology has transformed the realms of physical education, sports science, and the assessment of human performance. This research paper offers a thorough examination of an innovative AI-Powered Performance Monitoring Device, detailing its design, mechanical configuration, user interface, and practical uses. The device is designed to collect physiological and kinematic data, analyze it using intelligent algorithms, and deliver real-time feedback to enhance performance, monitor health, and optimize training. The paper describes the device’s various perspectives based on the registered design, assesses its functional elements, and explores its applications in physical education, athletics, rehabilitation, and research. The study concludes that AI-driven wearable performance systems are essential for contemporary evidence-based training and have significant implications across both educational and professional contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Wearable Technology, Performance Monitoring, Physical Education, Sports Science.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Shraddha Shree Yadav
creator: Dr. Jitendra Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Shraddha Shree Yadav, Dr. Jitendra Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 121
ending page: 125
doi: 10.57067/

The Narrative Techniques of Disruption and Defragmentation in Toni Morrison’s Novels
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">This study on Toni Morrison’s fiction analysed the role played by the narrative technique of disruption in the transmission of message. It primarily focused on Beloved, Song of Solomon, Sula and Love which are largely representative with regard to the use of the technique of disruption. The analysis aimed at exploring the role that the narrative technique of disruption plays in the representation of the societal malaise rooted in racial marginalisation and cultural degeneration. Additionally, the paper examined Morrison’ use of defragmentation as a narrative technique and the interspersion of the past and the present tenses in her narratives to understand profoundly the mechanism of the process of defragmentation with regard to the choice and construction of themes in her novels. Essentially, the analysis was guided by the Theory of Abjection propounded by Julia Kristeva (1981), Vladimir Propp’s narratological functions (1968), and Freud’s concept of “The Uncanny” (1953). The reading targeted principally the writer’s selected novels and the related critical essays and articles. As a result, it has been found that the narrative technique of disruption significantly frames the conveyed message. First, it enables the writer to represent successfully the African American nightmare through a disjointed narration that tra…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: narrative technique, defragmentation, disruption, racial marginalisation, slavery, interspersion of past and present
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. Leon Bashirahishize
creator: Prof. Spes Nibafasha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Prof. Leon Bashirahishize, Prof. Spes Nibafasha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 18
ending page: 29
doi: 10.57067/

Senior Secondary School Teachers and Students’ Perceptions on The Teaching and Learning of English Language Grammar in Ogun State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Grammar forms a central component of language mastery, yet research has not sufficiently addressed how teachers and students’ perceive grammar teaching, particularly within the Nigerian educational context. This study investigated the perceptions of English Language teachers and students regarding the teaching and learning of grammar in senior secondary schools. The study population comprised 136 students and 24 teachers selected from four senior secondary schools in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire titled Perception of Grammar Teaching in Secondary Schools (PGTSS) and analysed using simple percentages and chi-square statistics. Findings revealed significant differences between teachers’ and students’ perceptions of grammar instruction, despite their shared cultural and educational backgrounds. These perceptual variations were influenced by factors such as previous language-learning experiences, levels of linguistic proficiency, academic needs, and career aspirations. The study highlights critical pedagogical implications for English as Second Language (ESL) learning, emphasis the need for learner-centred strategies that bridge perceptual gaps between teachers and students to improve the effectiveness of grammar teaching and learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: teachers, students, perception, grammar, English Language teaching, ESL
  topic: keywords
creator: Falilat Titilola Adenuga
creator: Abdulahi Olawale Yisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Falilat Titilola Adenuga, Abdulahi Olawale Yisa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 40
doi: 10.57067/

Assessing the Sustainable Viability by Financial Metrics: based on Evaluation of Cooperative Society Performance on the basis of Pearls
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">In India, the cooperative organizations have been very important for the advancing economic development, Financial Inclusion, as well as for the empowerment of the community. However, the cooperatives' financial performance, governance frameworks, as well as the capacity to adjust to the changing markets and the economic condition are critical for their long-term viability. Using the PEARLS as a base this study examines the relationship between the cooperative societies' sustainability in the long term as well as their financial success for their survival. The study has used a mixed-method approach and have gathered primary data from the 149 cooperative organizations in the credit, as well as the agricultural sectors of the economy. This study has used Regression analysis, correlation, to assess the relationship between sustainability indicators and the financial stability, growth, as well as the expansion. The findings of our study indicated the strong and the positive relationship between the overall sustainability and financial success as determined by the PEARLS framework. Cooperatives who have the strong asset quality, good and ample liquidity, and high growth metrics are often seen as the more economically viable, the more socially significant, and the more sustainable as well as viable. The resul…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cooperative Societies, PEARLS Framework, Financial Stability, Growth, Expansion, Sustainability, Financial Performance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Padam Prasad Dawadi
creator: Dr. Dinesh Prasad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 121
ending page: 129
doi: 10.57067/

Austen's Sense and Sensibility: Depiction of Social Reality
type: item
description: Jane Austen is an established name in the history of English Literature. She has created wonder by incorporating the common themes like marriage, human relationships, women’s status and patriarchy in her novels. Six specific novels that are responsible for tagging her as an excellent novelist, contribute to the requisite theme of life and society. In the present paper the object is to talk about Sense and Sensibility as depicting the true picture of the society of her time. The novel, published in 1811, is set between the years 1792-1797. The story centres around the Dashwood family. Through the characters of the novel the writer has tried to unveil the real world of that particular period. Definitely Austen’s objective, ironical and humorous approach is appreciable.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Jane Austen, marriage, human relationships, women’s status and patriarchy,
  topic: keywords
creator: Ruchi Malaviya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ruchi Malaviya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 136
ending page: 140
doi: 10.57067/

Role of Teacher Education Institutions in Promoting Inclusive and Sustainable Values
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">The TEIs assume a central crossroads of the quest in the world towards sustainable and equitable societies. Being the major players in educating the future teachers, their curriculum, pedagogical approach, and organizations cultures in essence determine the way the new generation of educators perceives and adopts inclusion and sustainability. In this paper, the authors will look at the complex role played by TEIs in fostering inclusive sustainable values. It posits that in order to achieve the real goal of education to propel the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, especially SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), TEIs should go beyond theoretical outlay to adopt transformative and justice-focused strategies. This paper addresses the conceptual foundations of inclusive education (IE) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and shows that the two have a synergistic nature, through a systematic review of the literature. It outlines major TEI objectives such as curriculum redesign, transformative teaching, inclusive practice in institutions, community, and teacher empowerment. The main hypothesis is that TEIs that incorporate ESD and IE in a logical, justice-oriented model will bring up teachers who will be much more effective and dedicated to developi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teacher Education, Teacher Education Institutions, Sustainable Development, UNESCO, Curriculum Integration.
  topic: keywords
creator: Renu Bahukhandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 115
ending page: 120
doi: 10.57067/

The Art and Science of Metabolic Syndrome :A Natralistic Approach
type: item
description: Metabolic syndrome is a conundrum of some metabolic conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular diseases along with apple-shaped obesity. Most of Indian people are, unfortunately, not metabolically very resilient, and abdominally obese with insulin resistance residing in visceral fat. They are unable to use insulin mellifluously secreted by pancreas because of the resistance this fat offers, consequently metabolic syndrome props up with gratuitous manifestations. Metabolic syndrome has brought cascading epidemic-affecting one fourth adult population of the world-and posing threats belligerently to health, longevity, and quality of life of the masses. The abovementioned biomarkers are linked with one another, and mar the lifespan. It is lifestyle disorder, so necessitates lifestyle modifications to control its pejorative progression. If it is not redressed timely and tenuously then it’s volcanic wrath yields insulin resistance giving birth to deadly diseases like diabetes and hypertension.. Thus, Metabolic syndrome is a foremost factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide and has become an interface to explore new vistas to tackle its menace. Though, so many pharmaceutical companies offer medicines that are proven invariably very useful. But there remains a scope in the use of nutraceuticals in the treatment of metabolic ailments. The paper is a humble attempt to explore newer therapies, and natural approaches to address metabolic syndrome. However, the paper pinpoints the importance of naturopathy and natural products to manage and manoeuvre metabolic syndrome.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirza Sibtain Beg
creator: Prof. Dilshad Husain Rizvi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mirza Sibtain Beg, Prof. Dilshad Husain Rizvi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 88
ending page: 104
doi: 10.57067/

A Review of "the Making of the Second Igwe of Uhueze-Nenwe Autonomous Community."
type: item
description: Let me begin a critical assessment of this masterpiece entitled "The Making of the Second Igwe of Uhueze-Nenwe Autonomous Community by merging my voice with that of thousands of Uhuezerians, as well as friends and well-wishers of Uhueze at home and across the globe to warmly felicitate with His Royal Highness, Igwe Barrister (Dr) Godwin Chijioke Nwobodo, fdc, DIG (Rtd), Egbeleri II on the auspicious occasion of his coronation and ascension to the throne of Uhueze-Nenwe Ancient Kingdom, and for his steady assurances of a peaceful, prosperous and egalitarian Community; a Community where justice, unity and progress are watchwords.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Community Leadership, Conflict Resolution, Igweship Succession, Historical Documentation, Elders' Mediation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Onyeka Ike
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Onyeka Ike (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 14
doi: 10.57067/

Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting in India
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: 0pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: flat; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-effects-shadow-color: black; mso-effects-shadow-themecolor: dark1; mso-effects-shadow-alpha: 40.0%; mso-effects-shadow-dpiradius: 3.0pt; mso-effects-shadow-dpidistance: 1.5pt; mso-effects-shadow-angledirection: 2700000; mso-effects-shadow-align: topleft; mso-effects-shadow-pctsx: 100.0%; mso-effects-shadow-pctsy: 100.0%; mso-effects-shadow-anglekx: 0; mso-effects-shadow-angleky: 0; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In India, information about sustainability is anticipated to be disclosed through BRSR. This would motivate individuals to think about aspects other than profit and risk when they make investments. The environmental criteria of BRSR will consider a company's performance as a steward of nature. Social criteria will consider how the company manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and communities. The governance aspects will deal with a company’s leadership salaries, audits, internal issues, and shareholder rights. It also bothers the impact of the company towards activities and business relationships on the economy, environment, and people. For that, a business enterprise must fulfil its non-financial reporting. This includes informing its stakeholders, investors, and employees about how its operations effect ESG issues. This paper aims to investigate how India is converting ESG to BRR and BRR to BRSR. As we know that GRI is a broad concept of BRSR, and we want to know the guidelines of SEBI BRSR. In this p…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Keywords: Business Responsibility, Sustainability (BRSR); Environmental Social, Governance (ESG); Business Responsibility Report (BRR); Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).
  topic: keywords
creator: Richa Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Richa Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 141
ending page: 151
doi: 10.57067/

Sustainable Green Initiatives and Practices in Academic Libraries: A Case Study of The Pgim Library
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This case study investigates the strategic integration of green initiatives at the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine (PGIM) Library in Sri Lanka, documenting its transformation into a model of sustainable practice. It aims to document specific digital initiatives, analyse their impact on reducing the library's carbon footprint, and discuss their alignment with global sustainability benchmarks. Employing a multi-method approach, the study triangulates data from archival records, documentary evidence, digital artefacts, and system metrics. The findings reveal a synergistic operational shift driven by five core initiatives: the digitisation of administrative processes, implementation of a paperless communication ecosystem, a mandatory policy for digital academic submissions, development of an open-access repository, and the resultant indirect benefits of enhanced efficiency and access. The discussion frames this journey within green library theory, demonstrating how these targeted, low-cost digital interventions align with the principles of source-level waste reduction, fulfil key UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 9, 12, 13), and offer a replicable blueprint for libraries in developing nations. The study concludes that the PGIM Library’s experience provides empirical evidence that libraries can architect sustainability through strategic operational choices, positioning themselves as proactive agents in building an environmentally responsible and resilient future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital transformation; Green libraries; PGIM library; Sustainable Development Goals; SDGs; Sustainable practices; Academic Libraries; Sri Lanka
  topic: keywords
creator: Dilhani Munasinghe
creator: Chandima Wadasinghe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dilhani Munasinghe, Chandima Wadasinghe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 52
ending page: 61
doi: 10.57067/

Diasporas of Gods, Forgotten Histories, and Cultural Identity: Religion, Power, and Resistance in Postcolonial Manipur
type: item
description: This paper explores how religion, history, and power have shaped cultural identity in Manipur within a postcolonial context. It examines the spread of Hinduism and Christianity and shows how these religious influences reconfigured indigenous traditions and produced tensions over belonging and historical memory. By engaging with the political merger of Manipur with India and the workings of secular governance, the study highlights how dominant national narratives marginalised local voices. The paper also foregrounds the role of women, vernacular politics, and indigenous languages in sustaining resistance. Figures such as Rani Gaidinliu and Hijam Irabot illustrate how subaltern histories continue to challenge official accounts of the nation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Identity Politics; Indigenous Religions; Nation-State; Feminist Historiography; Minority Cultures
  topic: keywords
creator: Longjam Loyangamba Meitei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 141
ending page: 146
doi: 10.57067/ir.v2.i12.475

A Comprehensive Review on Referencing and Citation Practices in Academic Research
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Referencing and citation practices form the foundation of scholarly communication by ensuring transparency, accountability, and ethical dissemination of knowledge. With the continuous expansion of academic literature across disciplines and the increasing reliance on digital publishing platforms, adherence to standardized citation practices has become more critical than ever. This review examines the conceptual principles of referencing, outlines its historical evolution, and explains the scholarly rationale for proper citation. Major referencing styles are discussed, with particular emphasis on the Vancouver system commonly adopted in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Ethical considerations, common challenges encountered by researchers, and the role of reference management software are also addressed. By strengthening citation literacy and ethical awareness, this review aims to promote responsible research practices and enhance the overall quality of academic scholarship.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Academic referencing, Citation ethics, Vancouver style, Scholarly communication, Research integrity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Narendra Singh Solanki
creator: Pradeep Singh Chundawat
creator: Mumal Singh Deora
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.57067/

Reimagining the Social Novel: From Gunahon Ka Devta to Milan and Chetna
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'David',sans-serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The present paper explores cinematic adaptation as a complex process of cultural re-mediation by following the path of the critically acclaimed social novel of Dharmavir Bharati, Gunahon ka Devta (2000) to the two films based on it, namely: Milan (1967) and Chetna (1970). Beyond the conventional fidelity criticism, the paper argues that these movies are not merely adaptations of the novel but rather recreate the underlying disjunctions of the novel: e.g., disjunction between personal desire and social responsibility, disjunction between tradition and modernity to suit the changing commercial logic, their stars and their social-political fears of the respective times. The literature review by a comparative textual analysis shows that both these adaptations carry out a distinct cultural negotiation: the tragic, psychologically motivated social critique of the novel is translated into a myth, redemptive romance in each of them, which offers the escape of therapeutic value through the virtuous star characters of Sunil Dutt and Nutan. On the other hand, the transposition of the conflict in the gritty plane of the urban melodrama in *Chetna* turns it into a crisis of the modern sexual politics and of the urban contradiction of classes through the rebellious character of Rajesh Khanna. In the end, the paper maintains that the films can be used as a cultural barometer, to reveal how mainstream Hindi cinema is absorbing and domesticating the problematic moral ambiguities of the p…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adaptation Studies, Hindi Cinema, Bollywood, Dharmavir Bharati, Social Novel, Gunahon Ka Devta, Milan, Chetna, 1960s Cinema, 1970s Cinema.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Alka Shamra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 17
doi: 10.57067/

GLO Data Packages and their influence on University of Africa, Toru-Orua (UAT), Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Students’ Access to Information for Academic Purpose
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'David',sans-serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">This study examined the influence of Glo data packages on University of Africa, Toru-Orua (UAT), Bayelsa State, Nigeria, students’ access to academic information. Affordable Internet access is crucial for students’ learning, research, and collaboration in higher education. Globacom (Glo), as a major telecommunication provider in Nigeria, has historically offered student-friendly bundles that supported academic engagement. The study sought to examine the accessibility, affordability, and academic utilisation of Glo data services, while also assessing how the tariff hike has impacted students’ ability to engage with digital learning resources. The study adopted Social Cognitive theory as the theoretical framework. However, the recent 50% increase in data tariffs approved by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has raised concerns about affordability and equity in digital access. The study adopted a survey research design with 343 respondents drawn from various faculties of UAT. Findings revealed that Glo data were widely used for accessing e-books, online journals, virtual classes, and academic collaboration. Prior to the tariff hike, most students considered Glo data affordable, but the increase significantly limited their ability to maintain subscriptions, especially among low-income students. This has deepened the digital divide and hindered full participation in academic activities. The study concluded that while Glo data packages remain vital for academic acce…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Data, E-Learning, GLO, Students, Tariff, Information resources.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jammy Seigha Guanah
creator: Blessing AjiriOghene Omoevah
creator: Isaac Ebiakpobowei Ikolo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 125
ending page: 140
doi: 10.57067/

Jorasanko Thakur Bari: The Tragedy of Women’s Lives Beneath the Veil of Grandeur
type: item
description: This research paper presents Jorasanko Thakur Bari not merely as a symbol of cultural grandeur and literary glory, but as a site that embodies women’s oppression, mental anguish, and silenced suffering. The study centers on the life experiences of Mrinalini Devi and Kadambari Devi, through which it examines the patriarchal order, class inequality, and the helpless condition of women within so-called elite families. Child marriage, the erasure of name and identity, emotional neglect, the relentless burden of motherhood, and psychological depression collectively shape the lived realities of women in Thakur Bari. By questioning the private familial role of a towering literary figure like Rabindranath Tagore, the paper exposes the contradictions between his poetic sensibility and his role as a husband. It also critically addresses the inhuman attitude toward widows, opposition to widow remarriage, and women’s economic dependence. The article argues that a society that spoke eloquently of national freedom and modernity simultaneously compelled women within its own households to live in conditions of mental servitude. Thus, Jorasanko Thakur Bari emerges as a powerful symbol of the suppressed realities and unspoken truths of women’s lives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Jorasanko, Mrinalini Devi, Thakur Bari, Rabindranath Tagore, National Freedom, Mental Servitude.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Meena Rathore
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 111
ending page: 118
doi: 10.57067/

Revisiting Ecocriticism and “Cli-Fi”: Reading Climate Change through Literature
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'David',sans-serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">Literature, time and again, penetrates and reflects on the societal issues in terms of culture, politics, economy, philosophy, spirituality, human psyche and unanticipated changes in the ecology. So also, its paradigm shifts on climate issues that effect on human and natural phenomenon. Climate change is no longer a scientific or policy concern, it has become a profound cultural and imaginative challenge. This paper explores the emergence of “climate literature” as a significant area within environmental humanities. It focuses on the shift from early ecocritical writing towards contemporary “cli-fi” (climate fiction) (Johns-Putra, 2016; Slovic, 2014). Drawing on key theoretical interventions and selected literary examples, the paper delves into how literature represents the fierceness of climate change, interrogates human-nature-relationships, reimagines responsibility and hopes in the Anthropocene (Bould, 2021; Ghosh, 2016). The paper further highlights on different dimensions of climate impact on human-nature relationships, firstly, an overview of climate crisis as understood by contemporary science, secondly, the evolution of ecocriticism and the specific turn to climate change, thirdly, the rise of cli-fi as a literary mode and its thematic concerns and lastly, the pedagogical implications of teaching climate literature in the Indian classroom. The paper argues that climate literature helps readers to “feel” climate change as lived experience rather than distant abst…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate literature, cli-fi, ecocriticism, Anthropocene, cultural response, environmental humanities, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. G M Murtheppa
creator: Munianjinappa. K
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. G M Murtheppa, Munianjinappa. K (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 119
ending page: 124
doi: 10.57067/

Religion and Hypocrisy in the Political Lyrics of Eedris Abdulkareem
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">In Nigeria, religion is deeply woven into public life, frequently serving as a source of legitimacy for political actors. Elected officials often invoke religious language to portray themselves as morally upright, while simultaneously presiding over systems rife with corruption, impunity, and inequality. This paper examines how Nigerian hip-hop artist Eedris Abdulkareem uses religious symbolism and verbal irony in his lyrics to expose the contradictions between public piety and political immorality. Focusing primarily on the songs “Jaga Jaga” and “Letter to Mr. President,” the study applies discourse analysis and semiotic deconstruction to uncover how Abdulkareem weaponizes religious language to critique elite hypocrisy. Findings reveal that Abdulkareem does not attack religion itself but critiques its manipulation by corrupt politicians who use spiritual authority as a cloak for criminal governance. His lyrics perform a reversal of moral order, placing religiously performative elites on trial before the court of public opinion. Moreover, Abdulkareem’s use of irony often dismissed as street vulgarity emerges here as a deliberate rhetorical strategy to collapse the distance between sacredness and state dysfunction. The censorship of “Jaga Jaga” further underscores the state’s discomfort with music that undermines its religious self-image. The study concludes that Abdulkareem’s music constitutes a form of informal moral critique, giving regular Nigerians a differen…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Eedris Abdulkareem, religion and politics, protest music, Nigeria, moral hypocrisy, lyrical analysis, corruption, irony, popular theology, political discourse
  topic: keywords
creator: Victor Afolaranmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 97
ending page: 104
doi: 10.57067/

Sustainable Digital Workflows in Theatre Production Design: A Framework for Eco-Scenography and Life Cycle Optimization in Nigeria
type: item
description: <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: .75pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: round; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: bevel; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple;">The Nigerian creative sector, particularly the globally influential film industry, Nollywood, and its burgeoning theatre scene, faces a critical juncture regarding its environmental footprint. Traditional production design practices, often characterised by rapid, low-budget construction and subsequent material disposal, contribute significantly to the nation's growing waste management crisis and carbon emissions. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for Sustainable Digital Workflows (SDW), specifically tailored for the Nigerian context, to transition scenography from a linear, resource-intensive model to a circular, data-informed, and environmentally responsible practice. Drawing upon established principles from the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, namely Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies, the SDW framework integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) directly into the digital design process. This integration is hypothesised to enable Nigerian designers to overcome infrastructural limitations by facilitating precise material quantification, promoting the use of local, sustainable materials, and maximising asset reusability. The framework addresses the unique challenges of the Nigerian context, including the need for low-cost, accessible digital solutions to bridge the digital divide and the imperative to institutionalise circularity within a highly fragme…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Scenography, Sustainable Theatre, Nollywood, Life Cycle Assessment, Digital Twin, Circular Economy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Adebayo John BADEJI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 43
doi: 10.57067/